Park Jae Woo, Park Kee Hwan
Department of General Counseling, Korea Counseling Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.
Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Social Science, Bucheon, South Korea.
PLoS One. 2014 Dec 30;9(12):e116265. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116265. eCollection 2014.
The aim of this study was to identify psychosocial factors related to the onset of bipolar I disorder (BD). To do so, the Bipolar Disorder Etiology Scale (BDES), based on psychological behaviorism, was developed and validated. Using the BDES, common factors related to both major depressive disorder (MDD) and BD and specific factors related only to BD were investigated.
The BDES, which measures 17 factors based on psychological behaviorism hypotheses, was developed and validated. This scale was administered to 113 non-clinical control subjects, 30 subjects with MDD, and 32 people with BD. ANOVA and post hoc analyses were conducted. Subscales on which MDD and BD groups scored higher than controls were classified as common factors, while those on which the BD group scored higher than MDD and control groups were classified as specific factors.
The BDES has acceptable reliability and validity. Twelve common factors influence both MDD and BD and one specific factor influences only BD. Common factors include the following: learning grandiose self-labeling, learning dangerous behavior, reinforcing impulsive behavior, exposure to irritability, punishment of negative emotional expression, lack of support, sleep problems, antidepressant problems, positive arousal to threat, lack of social skills, and pursuit of short-term pleasure. The specific factor is manic emotional response.
Manic emotional response was identified as a specific factor related to the onset of BD, while parents' grandiose labeling is a candidate for a specific factor. Many factors are related to the onset of both MDD and BD.
本研究旨在确定与双相I型障碍（BD）发病相关的心理社会因素。为此，基于心理行为主义开发并验证了双相情感障碍病因量表（BDES）。使用BDES，对与重度抑郁症（MDD）和BD相关的共同因素以及仅与BD相关的特定因素进行了调查。
基于心理行为主义假设测量17个因素的BDES被开发并验证。该量表应用于113名非临床对照受试者、30名MDD受试者和32名BD患者。进行了方差分析和事后分析。MDD组和BD组得分高于对照组的分量表被归类为共同因素，而BD组得分高于MDD组和对照组的分量表被归类为特定因素。
BDES具有可接受的信度和效度。12个共同因素影响MDD和BD，1个特定因素仅影响BD。共同因素包括以下方面：学习夸大的自我标签、学习危险行为、强化冲动行为、暴露于易怒情绪、对负面情绪表达的惩罚、缺乏支持、睡眠问题、抗抑郁药问题、对威胁的积极唤醒、缺乏社交技能以及追求短期愉悦。特定因素是躁狂情绪反应。
躁狂情绪反应被确定为与BD发病相关的特定因素，而父母的夸大标签是特定因素的一个候选因素。许多因素与MDD和BD的发病都有关。
