Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
Institute of High Energy Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsdorfergasse 18, 1050 Vienna, Austria.
Phys Rev Lett. 2014 Dec 19;113(25):251302. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.251302.
String theories suggest the existence of a plethora of axionlike fields with masses spread over a huge number of decades. Here, we show that these ideas lend themselves to a model of quintessence with no super-Planckian field excursions and in which all dimensionless numbers are order unity. The scenario addresses the "Why now?" problem-i.e., Why has accelerated expansion begun only recently?-by suggesting that the onset of dark-energy domination occurs randomly with a slowly decreasing probability per unit logarithmic interval in cosmic time. The standard axion potential requires us to postulate a rapid decay of most of the axion fields that do not become dark energy. The need for these decays is averted, though, with the introduction of a slightly modified axion potential. In either case, a universe like ours arises in roughly 1 in 100 universes. The scenario may have a host of observable consequences.
弦理论表明存在大量的轴子样场,其质量分布在数十个数量级上。在这里,我们展示了这些想法可以应用于一种无超普朗克场涨落的五元素模型,其中所有无量纲数都是数量级为 1 的。该情景通过提出暗能量主导的开始是随机的,在宇宙时间的对数间隔中每单位的概率缓慢减小,解决了“为什么是现在?”的问题,即为什么加速膨胀只是最近才开始?标准的轴子势要求我们假设大多数不会成为暗能量的轴子场迅速衰减。然而,通过引入一个稍微修改的轴子势,可以避免这种衰减的需要。在这两种情况下,像我们这样的宇宙大约在 100 个宇宙中出现一次。该情景可能会有许多可观测的结果。