Wilson Patrick B
Athletics Department, Nebraska Athletic Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska.
J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Jul;29(7):2056-70. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000835.
The concept of multiple transportable carbohydrates (MTC) refers to a combination of saccharides that rely on distinct transporters for intestinal absorption. Ingestion of MTC during prolonged exercise has been purported to increase carbohydrate absorption efficiency, increase exogenous carbohydrate oxidation, reduce gastrointestinal (GI) distress, and improve athletic performance when carbohydrate intake is high (>50-60 g·h⁻¹). Although reviews of MTC research have been published previously, a comprehensive literature evaluation underscoring methodological limitations has not been conducted to guide future work. Accordingly, this review outlined the plausible mechanisms of MTC and subsequently evaluated MTC research based on several factors, including participant characteristics, exercise modality, exercise task, treatment formulation, treatment blinding, and pre-exercise nutrition status. A total of 27 articles examining MTC during exercise were identified and reviewed. Overall, ingestion of MTC led to increased exogenous carbohydrate oxidation, reduced GI distress, and improved performance during cycling lasting ≥2.5 hours, particularly when carbohydrate was ingested at ≥1.2 g·min⁻¹. Despite the apparent benefits, several limitations in the literature were apparent, including that only 3 studies used running, only 2 studies were conducted in the field, most participants were fasted, and women and adolescents were underrepresented. In addition, the majority of the studies fed carbohydrate at ≥1.2 g·min⁻¹, which may have inflated levels of GI distress and exaggerated performance decrements with single-saccharide feedings. Based on these limitations, future MTC investigations should consider focusing on running, examining team-based sports, including women and adolescents, conducting experiments under field conditions, examining the modifying effects of pre-exercise nutrition, and using modest feeding protocols (1.0-1.2 g·min⁻¹).
多种可转运碳水化合物（MTC）的概念指的是一类糖类组合，它们依靠不同的转运蛋白进行肠道吸收。长期运动期间摄入MTC据称可提高碳水化合物吸收效率、增加外源性碳水化合物氧化、减轻胃肠道（GI）不适，并在碳水化合物摄入量较高（>50 - 60 g·h⁻¹）时改善运动表现。尽管此前已发表过关于MTC研究的综述，但尚未进行全面的文献评估以强调方法学局限性来指导未来的研究工作。因此，本综述概述了MTC可能的作用机制，随后基于几个因素对MTC研究进行了评估，这些因素包括参与者特征、运动方式、运动任务、治疗配方、治疗设盲以及运动前营养状况。共识别并综述了27篇研究运动期间MTC的文章。总体而言，摄入MTC可增加外源性碳水化合物氧化、减轻胃肠道不适，并在持续时间≥2.5小时的骑行过程中改善运动表现，尤其是当碳水化合物摄入量≥1.2 g·min⁻¹时。尽管有这些明显的益处，但文献中仍存在一些明显的局限性，包括仅有3项研究使用跑步作为运动方式，仅有2项研究在实地进行，大多数参与者处于禁食状态，女性和青少年的代表性不足。此外，大多数研究中碳水化合物的摄入量≥1.2 g·min⁻¹，这可能夸大了胃肠道不适程度，并夸大了单糖喂养时运动表现的下降幅度。基于这些局限性，未来的MTC研究应考虑聚焦于跑步、研究团队运动项目、纳入女性和青少年、在实地条件下进行实验、研究运动前营养的调节作用以及采用适度的喂养方案（1.0 - 1.2 g·min⁻¹）。
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