Gloria-Bottini F, Bottini E
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2015 Feb;185:136-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.12.019. Epub 2014 Dec 29.
The negative effects of cigarette smoking on human reproduction are well known. In a previous paper we have reported that negative effects of smoking on fertility are observed in women carrying the Haptoglobin (Hp) 2 phenotype only. In the present note we have examined the effect of smoking on the correlation between birth weight (BW) and placental weight (PW) and the interaction with maternal Hp phenotype.
We have studied 584 consecutive newborns and their healthy mothers from the White population of the central area of Italy. Written informed consent was obtained by mothers to participate to this investigation that was approved by the Department of Pediatrics. Maternal Hp phenotype was determined by the method of Smithies as previously described. Differences between correlation coefficients were evaluated according to Snedecor and Cochran and according to Soper. Difference between means was calculated by Student's-t test using commercial software (SPSS).
A strong decrease of correlation is seen in smoking mothers with Hp 2 phenotype only (p<0.0001). No statistically significant effect of smoking is present in mothers with Hp1 or Hp2-1 phenotype. A statistically significant decrease of BW in smoking mothers is observed in both Hp 2 mothers and in mothers carrying the Hp1 allele. On the contrary a decrease of PW is observed only in mothers carrying Hp1 allele but not in Hp 2 mothers. This indicates a concordant effect of smoking on BW and PW in mothers carrying Hp*1 allele but a discordant effect of BW and PW in Hp 2 mothers. This could explain the lack of correlation between BW and PW in smoking mothers carrying the Hp 2 phenotype.
The combined phenotype smoking-Hp 2 shows different effects on BW and PW. Hp 2 has no effect on the decrease of BW determined by smoking but shows important effect in neutralizing the decrease of PW due to smoking: Hp polymorphism may be a factor with protective effects prevalent on placental growth as compared to fetal growth.
吸烟对人类生殖的负面影响众所周知。在之前的一篇论文中，我们报道仅在携带触珠蛋白（Hp）2表型的女性中观察到吸烟对生育力的负面影响。在本报告中，我们研究了吸烟对出生体重（BW）与胎盘重量（PW）之间相关性的影响以及与母亲Hp表型的相互作用。
我们研究了来自意大利中部地区白人群体的584例连续出生的新生儿及其健康母亲。母亲们签署了书面知情同意书以参与本研究，该研究得到了儿科系的批准。如前所述，采用Smithies方法确定母亲的Hp表型。根据Snedecor和Cochran以及Soper的方法评估相关系数之间的差异。使用商业软件（SPSS）通过Student's-t检验计算均值之间的差异。
仅在携带Hp 2表型的吸烟母亲中观察到相关性显著降低（p<0.0001）。在携带Hp1或Hp2-1表型的母亲中，吸烟没有统计学上的显著影响。在携带Hp 2表型的母亲和携带Hp1等位基因的母亲中，均观察到吸烟母亲的BW有统计学上的显著降低。相反，仅在携带Hp1等位基因的母亲中观察到PW降低，而在携带Hp 2表型的母亲中未观察到。这表明吸烟对携带Hp*1等位基因的母亲的BW和PW有一致的影响，但对携带Hp 2表型的母亲的BW和PW有不一致的影响。这可以解释携带Hp 2表型的吸烟母亲中BW和PW之间缺乏相关性的原因。
吸烟-Hp 2联合表型对BW和PW有不同影响。Hp 2对吸烟导致的BW降低没有影响，但在中和吸烟导致的PW降低方面有重要作用：与胎儿生长相比，Hp多态性可能是对胎盘生长具有普遍保护作用的一个因素。
