Radu A I, Bergwerff L, van Loosdrecht M C M, Picioreanu C
a Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands.
Biofouling. 2015;31(1):83-100. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2014.996750.
A mathematical model was developed for combined fouling due to biofilms and mineral precipitates in membrane feed channels with spacers. Finite element simulation of flow and solute transport in two-dimensional geometries was coupled with a particle-based approach for the development of a composite (cells and crystals) foulant layer. Three fouling scenarios were compared: biofouling only, scaling only and combined fouling. Combined fouling causes a quicker flux decline than the summed flux deterioration when scaling and biofouling act independently. The model results indicate that the presence of biofilms leads to more mineral formation due to: (1) an enhanced degree of saturation for salts next to the membrane and within the biofilm; and (2) more available surface for nucleation to occur. The impact of biofilm in accelerating gypsum precipitation depends on the composition of the feed water (eg the presence of NaCl) and the kinetics of crystal nucleation and growth. Interactions between flow, solute transport and biofilm-induced mineralization are discussed.
针对带有间隔物的膜进料通道中生物膜和矿物质沉淀导致的复合污垢，开发了一种数学模型。二维几何结构中流动和溶质传输的有限元模拟与基于颗粒的方法相结合，用于复合（细胞和晶体）污垢层的形成。比较了三种污垢情况：仅生物污垢、仅结垢和复合污垢。与结垢和生物污垢独立作用时通量恶化的总和相比，复合污垢导致通量下降更快。模型结果表明，生物膜的存在会导致更多矿物质形成，原因如下：（1）膜附近和生物膜内盐的饱和度增加；（2）有更多可用于成核的表面。生物膜对加速石膏沉淀的影响取决于进水的成分（例如氯化钠的存在）以及晶体成核和生长的动力学。讨论了流动、溶质传输和生物膜诱导矿化之间的相互作用。
