Macedo Paulo Fernando Aragon de, Bianchini Esther Mandelbaum Gonçalves
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Graduate Program, Universidade Veiga de Almeida - UVA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Codas. 2014 Nov-Dec;26(6):464-70. doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20142014015. Epub 2014 Dec 1.
To verify myofunctional orofacial characteristics in young adults and to compare data on individuals with and without myofunctional complaints, aiming to identify the main myofunctional problems and differentiating them from characteristics that are common for this population, as well as to list items for myofunctional evaluation in this population.
Cross-sectional study with 85 adult participants, aged between 19 and 39 years, selected through consecutive sampling at the Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences of Universidade Veiga de Almeida. The participants were divided into two groups: G1 (comprising 50 individuals referred for orofacial myofunctional disorders) and G2 (comprising 35 volunteers without complaints). Descriptive evaluation of craniofacial structures of hard and soft tissues, kinesiology and mandible range of motion and functional patterns of breathing, chewing, and swallowing was applied. Three expert Speech-Language pathologists assessed all participants. Statistical analysis was done using χ2-test, Student's t-test, or Mann-Whitney test. The reliability level was 99%.
A predominance of Angle Class I pattern of occlusions for G2 (p<0.0001) was found. G1 showed (p<0.0001) mandible movements with deviations and joint noises, amplitude reduction in lateral and protrusive movements, unilateral chewing, nonexpected muscle contraction, temporomandibular joint noises, swallowing with excessive contraction of the orbicularis oris muscle, loud noise, and residues (p=0.006).
The main myofunctional orofacial alterations in young adults with complaints refer to changes of the mandibular movements and patterns of chewing or of swallowing, reflecting the main items of the clinical evaluation. Many items of assessment and characterization do not differ between the groups, and these should be analyzed regarding their relevance.
验证年轻成年人的肌功能口面部特征，比较有和没有肌功能主诉的个体的数据，旨在确定主要的肌功能问题，并将它们与该人群的常见特征区分开来，同时列出该人群肌功能评估的项目。
采用横断面研究，对85名年龄在19至39岁之间的成年参与者进行研究，这些参与者是通过在维加·德·阿尔梅达大学言语、语言和听力科学系连续抽样选取的。参与者被分为两组：G1组（由50名因口面部肌功能障碍前来就诊的个体组成）和G2组（由35名无主诉的志愿者组成）。对硬组织和软组织的颅面结构、运动学、下颌运动范围以及呼吸、咀嚼和吞咽的功能模式进行描述性评估。三名专业言语病理学家对所有参与者进行评估。使用卡方检验、学生t检验或曼-惠特尼检验进行统计分析。可靠性水平为99%。
发现G2组以安氏I类咬合模式为主（p<0.0001）。G1组表现出（p<0.0001）下颌运动偏差和关节弹响、侧向和前伸运动幅度减小、单侧咀嚼、意外的肌肉收缩、颞下颌关节弹响、口轮匝肌过度收缩吞咽、大声响和食物残留（p=0.006）。
有主诉的年轻成年人主要的肌功能口面部改变涉及下颌运动以及咀嚼或吞咽模式的变化，反映了临床评估的主要项目。两组之间许多评估和特征项目没有差异，应对这些项目的相关性进行分析。
