Haag Lucien C
From the Forensic Science Services, Carefree, AZ.
Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2015 Mar;36(1):16-22. doi: 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000105.
Full metal-jacketed rifle bullets with lead cores and open bases can experience deformation of their cylindrical shapes as they yaw during the penetration of soft tissues. The amount of deformation depends upon the strength of the bullet and the velocity in soft tissue when they go into yaw. The yaw behavior of a bullet in soft tissue depends upon its design (length, ogive shape, ogive length, center of gravity, and pre-impact stability) as it penetrates soft tissue. The yaw characteristics of common spitzer-type military rifle bullets are relatively well known and quite reproducible when fired into suitable soft tissue simulants. This, in turn, results in a relationship between the amount of deformation of the bullet's shank and impact velocity with soft tissue. The specific relationship between impact velocity and bullet deformation must be worked out through empirical testing, but this relationship can be of critical importance in determining impact velocity, which, in turn, relates to range of fire.
带有铅芯和开口底座的全金属被甲步枪子弹在穿透软组织时发生偏航时，其圆柱形形状可能会变形。变形量取决于子弹的强度以及进入偏航状态时在软组织中的速度。子弹在软组织中的偏航行为取决于其在穿透软组织时的设计（长度、卵形头部形状、卵形头部长度、重心和撞击前的稳定性）。普通尖头型军用步枪子弹的偏航特性相对为人所知，并且在射入合适的软组织模拟物时相当可重复。这进而导致子弹杆部的变形量与对软组织的撞击速度之间存在一种关系。撞击速度与子弹变形之间的具体关系必须通过实证测试来确定，但这种关系在确定撞击速度时可能至关重要，而撞击速度又与射程相关。
