Alaraj Ali, Luciano Cristian J, Bailey Daniel P, Elsenousi Abdussalam, Roitberg Ben Z, Bernardo Antonio, Banerjee P Pat, Charbel Fady T
*Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; ‡Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; §ImmersiveTouch, Inc., Westmont, Illinois; ¶College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; ‖Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and #Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York.
Neurosurgery. 2015 Mar;11 Suppl 2(0 2):52-8. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000583.
With the decrease in the number of cerebral aneurysms treated surgically and the increase of complexity of those treated surgically, there is a need for simulation-based tools to teach future neurosurgeons the operative techniques of aneurysm clipping.
To develop and evaluate the usefulness of a new haptic-based virtual reality simulator in the training of neurosurgical residents.
A real-time sensory haptic feedback virtual reality aneurysm clipping simulator was developed using the ImmersiveTouch platform. A prototype middle cerebral artery aneurysm simulation was created from a computed tomographic angiogram. Aneurysm and vessel volume deformation and haptic feedback are provided in a 3-dimensional immersive virtual reality environment. Intraoperative aneurysm rupture was also simulated. Seventeen neurosurgery residents from 3 residency programs tested the simulator and provided feedback on its usefulness and resemblance to real aneurysm clipping surgery.
Residents thought that the simulation would be useful in preparing for real-life surgery. About two-thirds of the residents thought that the 3-dimensional immersive anatomic details provided a close resemblance to real operative anatomy and accurate guidance for deciding surgical approaches. They thought the simulation was useful for preoperative surgical rehearsal and neurosurgical training. A third of the residents thought that the technology in its current form provided realistic haptic feedback for aneurysm surgery.
Neurosurgical residents thought that the novel immersive VR simulator is helpful in their training, especially because they do not get a chance to perform aneurysm clippings until late in their residency programs.
随着接受手术治疗的脑动脉瘤数量减少以及手术治疗的复杂性增加，需要基于模拟的工具来向未来的神经外科医生传授动脉瘤夹闭的手术技术。
开发并评估一种新型基于触觉的虚拟现实模拟器在神经外科住院医师培训中的实用性。
使用沉浸式触摸平台开发了一种实时感官触觉反馈虚拟现实动脉瘤夹闭模拟器。从计算机断层血管造影创建了一个大脑中动脉动脉瘤模拟原型。在三维沉浸式虚拟现实环境中提供动脉瘤和血管体积变形以及触觉反馈。还模拟了术中动脉瘤破裂。来自3个住院医师培训项目的17名神经外科住院医师测试了该模拟器，并就其有用性以及与实际动脉瘤夹闭手术的相似性提供了反馈。
住院医师认为该模拟对准备实际手术有用。约三分之二的住院医师认为三维沉浸式解剖细节与实际手术解剖非常相似，并为决定手术入路提供了准确指导。他们认为该模拟对术前手术预演和神经外科培训有用。三分之一的住院医师认为当前形式的技术为动脉瘤手术提供了逼真的触觉反馈。
神经外科住院医师认为这种新型沉浸式虚拟现实模拟器对他们的培训有帮助，特别是因为他们在住院医师培训后期才有机会进行动脉瘤夹闭手术。
