Jin Yuanxiang, Liu Zhenzhen, Liu Fang, Ye Yang, Peng Tao, Fu Zhengwei
College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2015 Mar-Apr;48:9-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.01.002. Epub 2015 Jan 16.
Cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) are considered as the main environmental contaminants which have serious risks for health. Firstly, we observed that the hatchability was significantly decreased by exposure to 10 μM Cd for 60 and 96 h post fertilization (hpf). And some abnormalities in embryos and larvae were observed especially in the 10 μM Cd treated group. Moreover, the free swimming activities and the swimming behaviors of the larval zebrafish in response to the stimulation of light-to-dark photoperiod transition were significantly influenced by both Cd and Cr treatments. Secondly, Cd and Cr exposure induced the changes in oxidative stress of the larval zebrafish. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased and the glutathione (GSH) contents decreased significantly after the exposure to Cd or Cr for 96 hpf. Cd or Cr affected not only the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), but also the transcriptional levels of their respective genes. Thirdly, with regard to the immune response, the mRNA levels of the main cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) in the larvae increased significantly after the exposure to Cd and Cr for 96 hpf. Our results suggested that Cd and Cr have the potential to cause behavior alterations, oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in the larval zebrafish.
镉（Cd）和铬（Cr）被认为是主要的环境污染物，对健康有严重风险。首先，我们观察到，在受精后60小时和96小时（hpf）暴露于10μM Cd会使孵化率显著降低。并且在胚胎和幼体中观察到一些异常，特别是在10μM Cd处理组中。此外，镉和铬处理均显著影响斑马鱼幼体在明暗光周期转换刺激下的自由游泳活动和游泳行为。其次，镉和铬暴露会引起斑马鱼幼体氧化应激的变化。在暴露于镉或铬96 hpf后，丙二醛（MDA）水平升高，谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量显著降低。镉或铬不仅影响超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）的活性，还影响它们各自基因的转录水平。第三，关于免疫反应，在暴露于镉和铬96 hpf后，幼体中包括肿瘤坏死因子α（TNFα）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）在内的主要细胞因子的mRNA水平显著升高。我们的结果表明，镉和铬有可能在斑马鱼幼体中引起行为改变、氧化应激和免疫毒性。
