Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2W2, Canada.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2W2, Canada.
J Environ Manage. 2015 Apr 1;152:49-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.020. Epub 2015 Jan 21.
Naphthenic acids (NAs) released into oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) during bitumen processing in Northern Alberta are problematic for oil sands industries due to their toxicity in the environment and resistance to degradation during conventional wastewater treatment processes. Granular activated carbon (GAC) has shown to be an effective media in removing biopersistent organics from wastewater using a combination of adsorption and biodegradation removal mechanisms. A simultaneous GAC (0.4 g GAC/L) adsorption and biodegradation (combined treatment) study was used for the treatment of raw and ozonated OSPW. After 28 days of batch treatment, classical and oxidized NAs removals for raw OSPW were 93.3% and 73.7%, and for ozonated OSPW were 96.2% and 77.1%, respectively. Synergetic effects of the combined treatment process were observed in removals of COD, the acid extractable fraction, and oxidized NAs, which indicated enhanced biodegradation and bioregeneration in GAC biofilms. A bacteria copy number >10(8) copies/g GAC on GAC surfaces was found using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction after treatment for both raw and ozonated OSPW. A Microtox(®) acute toxicity test (Vibrio fischeri) showed effective toxicity removal (>95.3%) for the combined treatments. Therefore, the simultaneous GAC adsorption and biodegradation treatment process is a promising technology for the elimination of toxic OSPW NAs.
在加拿大北部的油砂加工过程中，沥青加工过程中释放到油砂加工废水中的环烷酸（NAs）由于其在环境中的毒性以及在常规废水处理过程中难以降解而成为油砂工业的一个问题。颗粒活性炭（GAC）已被证明是一种有效的介质，可通过吸附和生物降解去除机制的组合，从废水中去除生物持久性有机物。采用同时的 GAC（0.4 g GAC/L）吸附和生物降解（联合处理）研究来处理原始和臭氧化的 OSPW。经过 28 天的批处理，原始 OSPW 的经典 NAs 和氧化 NAs 的去除率分别为 93.3%和 73.7%，臭氧化 OSPW 的去除率分别为 96.2%和 77.1%。在 COD、可酸提取部分和氧化 NAs 的去除方面观察到联合处理过程的协同作用，这表明 GAC 生物膜中的生物降解和生物再生得到了增强。在用定量实时聚合酶链反应（qPCR）处理后，在 GAC 表面上发现了细菌数量>10(8)个/g GAC，用于原始和臭氧化的 OSPW。使用 Microtox®（发光细菌）急性毒性试验（费氏弧菌），联合处理对毒性去除有效（>95.3%）。因此，同时的 GAC 吸附和生物降解处理工艺是消除有毒 OSPW NAs 的一种有前途的技术。
