Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, PR China.
Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, United States.
Chemosphere. 2021 Oct;280:130635. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130635. Epub 2021 Apr 30.
In this study, a fixed-bed biofilm reactor (biofilter) was developed and applied for oil sands process water (OSPW) remediation by using granular activated carbon (GAC) as packing media. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection, the total bacterial copy number (16S) in the GAC biofiltration system was found to reach a relatively stable level (1.3 ± 0.2 × 10 copies/g GAC) after 62 days of operation, and the thickness of biofilm on GAC surface was 26.7 ± 4.3 μm based on the scan of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The established GAC-biofilter showed 95.4% naphthenic acids (NAs) removal from raw OSPW after 2 months of operation. The GAC-biofilter also showed 88.3% NAs removal after a long operation time (2 years), indicating its sustainable bioremediation capacity for OSPW. 16S and 18S rRNA gene-targeted metagenomic sequencing showed that the microbial community in the GAC biofilter had higher diversity and richness than that found in the sand biofilter which was used for OSPW treatment previously. Comamonadaceae and Saccharomycotina were found to be the dominant bacterial and fungal families in the GAC biofilter, respectively. Xenobiotic metabolism function of the microbial community may contribute significantly to the biodegradation of NAs. The GAC biofiltration process is a promising passive OSPW treatment approach that can be used in-situ.
在这项研究中，采用颗粒活性炭（GAC）作为填充介质，开发并应用固定床生物膜反应器（生物滤池）来修复油砂开采废水（OSPW）。通过定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）检测，在 62 天的运行后，GAC 生物过滤系统中的总细菌拷贝数（16S）达到相对稳定的水平（1.3±0.2×10 拷贝/g GAC），并且基于共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）的扫描，GAC 表面生物膜的厚度为 26.7±4.3μm。在运行 2 个月后，建立的 GAC-生物滤池可去除原 OSPW 中 95.4%的环烷酸（NAs）。经过长时间运行（2 年）后，GAC-生物滤池仍可去除 88.3%的 NAs，表明其对 OSPW 具有可持续的生物修复能力。16S 和 18S rRNA 基因靶向宏基因组测序表明，GAC 生物滤池中的微生物群落比之前用于 OSPW 处理的砂生物滤池具有更高的多样性和丰富度。Comamonadaceae 和 Saccharomycotina 分别被发现是 GAC 生物滤池中优势的细菌和真菌科。微生物群落的异生物质代谢功能可能对 NAs 的生物降解有重要贡献。GAC 生物过滤工艺是一种有前景的原位被动 OSPW 处理方法。
