Int J Health Serv. 2014;44(4):805-16. doi: 10.2190/HS.44.4.g.
This article explores challenges for and the development of civil society engagement and stakeholder representation, transparency, and accountability measures in the European Union, with a specific focus on health policy. The stance of the European Union on stakeholder participation within reform debates of the World Health Organization (WHO) is also considered, along with EU lessons for multi-stakeholders at the WHO. The European Commission has developed a number of measures for stakeholder engagement and transparency; however, the European Union has been prone to lobbying interests and has found difficulty in leading and making accountable the private sector when it comes to achieving its own health policy goals. The strong influence of corporate lobbyists on the European Union has come to light, with concerns about a lack of transparency and accountability in decision-making processes. While the WHO could learn from the European Union in terms of its strategies for stakeholder engagement, it could also heed some of the important lessons for the European Union when it comes to working with a broad range of stakeholders.
本文探讨了在欧盟中，公民社会参与和利益相关者代表、透明度和问责制措施所面临的挑战及其发展情况，重点关注卫生政策。本文还考虑了欧盟在世界卫生组织（WHO）改革辩论中对利益相关者参与的立场，以及欧盟为 WHO 的多方利益相关者提供的经验教训。欧盟委员会已经制定了一些利益相关者参与和透明度措施；然而，欧盟容易受到游说利益的影响，并且在实现自身卫生政策目标方面，难以领导和对私营部门负责。企业游说者对欧盟的强烈影响已经显现出来，人们对决策过程缺乏透明度和问责制表示担忧。虽然世界卫生组织可以在利益相关者参与策略方面向欧盟学习，但在与广泛的利益相关者合作方面，它也可以吸取一些对欧盟来说很重要的经验教训。
