Abrahão Raphael, García-Garizábal Iker, Merchán Daniel, Causapé Jesús
Universidade Federal da Paraíba (DEER/CEAR), Cidade Universitária, Campus I, 58.051-970, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil,
Environ Monit Assess. 2015 Feb;187(2):22. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-4260-1. Epub 2015 Jan 28.
Climate change is affecting agriculture doubly: evapotranspiration is increasing due to increments in temperature while the availability of water resources is decreasing. Furthermore, irrigated areas are expanding worldwide. In this study, the dynamics of climate change impacts on the water cycle of a newly irrigated watershed are studied through the calculation of soil water balances. The study area was a 752-ha watershed located on the left side of the Ebro river valley, in Northeast Spain. The soil water balance procedures were carried out throughout 1827 consecutive days (5 years) of hydrological and agronomical monitoring in the study area. Daily data from two agroclimatic stations were used as well. Evaluation of the impact of climate change on the water cycle considered the creation of two future climate scenarios for comparison: 2070 decade with climate change and 2070 decade without climate change. The main indicators studied were precipitation, irrigation, reference evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, drainage from the watershed, and irrigation losses. The aridity index was also applied. The results represent a baseline scenario in which adaptation measures may be included and tested to reduce the impacts of climate change in the studied area and other similar areas.
由于气温升高，蒸发散增加，而水资源的可利用量却在减少。此外，全球灌溉面积正在扩大。在本研究中，通过计算土壤水平衡来研究气候变化对一个新灌溉流域水循环的影响动态。研究区域是位于西班牙东北部埃布罗河谷左侧的一个752公顷的流域。土壤水平衡程序是在研究区域连续1827天（5年）的水文和农艺监测过程中进行的。还使用了两个农业气候站的每日数据。评估气候变化对水循环的影响时考虑创建了两种未来气候情景进行比较：有气候变化的2070年代和无气候变化的2070年代。研究的主要指标包括降水量、灌溉量、参考蒸发散、实际蒸发散、流域排水量和灌溉损失。还应用了干旱指数。研究结果代表了一个基线情景，在这个情景中可以纳入并测试适应措施，以减少气候变化对研究区域及其他类似区域的影响。
