Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium; Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada.
Glob Chang Biol. 2015 Jun;21(6):2191-205. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12878. Epub 2015 Mar 20.
Intense regional warming was observed in the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) over the last 50 years. Here, we investigate the impact of climate change on primary production (PP) in this highly productive region. This study is based on temporal data series of ozone thickness (1972-2010), sea ice concentration (1978-2010), sea-surface temperature (1990-2010), incident irradiance (1988-2010) and satellite-derived chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a, 1997-2010) for the coastal WAP. In addition, we apply a photosynthesis/photoinhibition spectral model to satellite-derived data (1997-2010) to compute PP and examine the separate impacts of environmental forcings. Since 1978, sea ice retreat has been occurring earlier in the season (in March in 1978 and in late October during the 2000s) while the ozone hole is present in early spring (i.e. August to November) since the early 1990s, increasing the intensity of ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR, 280-320 nm). The WAP waters have also warmed over 1990-2010. The modelled PP rates are in the lower range of previously reported PP rates in the WAP. The annual open water PP in the study area increased from 1997 to 2010 (from 0.73 to 1.03 Tg C yr(-1) ) concomitantly with the increase in the production season length. The coincidence between the earlier sea ice retreat and the presence of the ozone hole increased the exposure to incoming radiation (UVBR, UVAR and PAR) and, thus, increased photoinhibition during austral spring (September to November) in the study area (from 0.014 to 0.025 Tg C yr(-1) ). This increase in photoinhibition was minor compared to the overall increase in PP, however. Climate change hence had an overall positive impact on PP in the WAP waters.
在过去的 50 年里，人们观察到西南极半岛（WAP）地区出现了强烈的区域性变暖。在这里，我们研究了气候变化对这个高生产力地区初级生产力（PP）的影响。这项研究基于臭氧厚度（1972-2010 年）、海冰浓度（1978-2010 年）、海表温度（1990-2010 年）、入射辐射（1988-2010 年）和卫星衍生叶绿素 a 浓度（Chl-a，1997-2010 年）的时间序列数据。此外，我们应用了一个光合作用/光抑制光谱模型来处理卫星衍生数据（1997-2010 年），以计算 PP，并分别检查环境强迫的影响。自 1978 年以来，海冰的撤退在季节早期（1978 年 3 月和 2000 年代 10 月下旬）发生得更早，而臭氧空洞自 20 世纪 90 年代初以来在早春（即 8 月至 11 月）出现，增加了紫外线-B 辐射（UVBR，280-320nm）的强度。WAP 海域在 1990-2010 年间也变暖了。模型化的 PP 率处于以前报道的 WAP 地区 PP 率的较低范围内。研究区域的年度开阔水域 PP 从 1997 年到 2010 年增加（从 0.73 到 1.03TgCyr-1），同时生产季节长度也增加。海冰撤退时间提前与臭氧空洞的存在相吻合，增加了进入辐射（UVBR、UVAR 和 PAR）的暴露量，从而增加了研究区域春季（9 月至 11 月）的光抑制（从 0.014 到 0.025TgCyr-1）。然而，与 PP 的整体增加相比，这种光抑制的增加是微不足道的。因此，气候变化对 WAP 海域的 PP 产生了总体积极的影响。
