Prescrire Int. 2014 Dec;23(155):294-5.
In a large case-control study using data from a British primary care database, exposure to a benzodiazepine or the related sedative drug zopiclone during the previous month was more frequent in patients with community-acquired pneumonia than in controls, with an odds ratio of about 1.5. In the cohort of patients with community-acquired pneumonia, exposure to a benzodiazepine was associated with a statistically significant increase in long-term mortality (median follow-up 2.8 years) following pneumonia, with odds ratios of about 1.2 and 1.3, respectively. Benzodiazepines can provoke swallowing disorders, cough suppression and respiratory depression. In practice, despite the uncertainties, these data provide yet another reason to avoid overprescribing these drugs, to carefully weigh the benefits against the harms before initiating treatment, and to regularly review the harm-benefit balance.
在一项利用英国初级保健数据库数据开展的大型病例对照研究中，社区获得性肺炎患者在前一个月使用苯二氮䓬类药物或相关镇静药物佐匹克隆的频率高于对照组，比值比约为1.5。在社区获得性肺炎患者队列中，使用苯二氮䓬类药物与肺炎后长期死亡率（中位随访2.8年）的统计学显著增加相关，比值比分别约为1.2和1.3。苯二氮䓬类药物可引发吞咽障碍、咳嗽抑制和呼吸抑制。实际上，尽管存在不确定性，但这些数据为避免过度开具这些药物、在开始治疗前仔细权衡利弊以及定期审查利弊平衡提供了又一个理由。
