Kozak Krzysztof M, Wahlberg Niklas, Neild Andrew F E, Dasmahapatra Kanchon K, Mallet James, Jiggins Chris D
Butterfly Genetics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, UK; Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD Heslington, York, UK; and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Butterfly Genetics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, UK; Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD Heslington, York, UK; and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Syst Biol. 2015 May;64(3):505-24. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syv007. Epub 2015 Jan 28.
Müllerian mimicry among Neotropical Heliconiini butterflies is an excellent example of natural selection, associated with the diversification of a large continental-scale radiation. Some of the processes driving the evolution of mimicry rings are likely to generate incongruent phylogenetic signals across the assemblage, and thus pose a challenge for systematics. We use a data set of 22 mitochondrial and nuclear markers from 92% of species in the tribe, obtained by Sanger sequencing and de novo assembly of short read data, to re-examine the phylogeny of Heliconiini with both supermatrix and multispecies coalescent approaches, characterize the patterns of conflicting signal, and compare the performance of various methodological approaches to reflect the heterogeneity across the data. Despite the large extent of reticulate signal and strong conflict between markers, nearly identical topologies are consistently recovered by most of the analyses, although the supermatrix approach failed to reflect the underlying variation in the history of individual loci. However, the supermatrix represents a useful approximation where multiple rare species represented by short sequences can be incorporated easily. The first comprehensive, time-calibrated phylogeny of this group is used to test the hypotheses of a diversification rate increase driven by the dramatic environmental changes in the Neotropics over the past 23 myr, or changes caused by diversity-dependent effects on the rate of diversification. We find that the rate of diversification has increased on the branch leading to the presently most species-rich genus Heliconius, but the change occurred gradually and cannot be unequivocally attributed to a specific environmental driver. Our study provides comprehensive comparison of philosophically distinct species tree reconstruction methods and provides insights into the diversification of an important insect radiation in the most biodiverse region of the planet.
新热带区赫利孔亚科蝴蝶之间的缪勒拟态是自然选择的一个绝佳例子，与一个大规模大陆性辐射的多样化相关。一些推动拟态环进化的过程可能会在整个组合中产生不一致的系统发育信号，从而给系统分类学带来挑战。我们使用了一个数据集，该数据集包含来自该族92%物种的22个线粒体和核标记，通过桑格测序和短读数据的从头组装获得，采用超级矩阵和多物种溯祖方法重新审视赫利孔亚科的系统发育，表征冲突信号的模式，并比较各种方法的性能以反映数据的异质性。尽管存在大量的网状信号以及标记之间的强烈冲突，但大多数分析始终恢复了几乎相同的拓扑结构，尽管超级矩阵方法未能反映单个基因座历史中的潜在变异。然而，超级矩阵是一种有用的近似方法，其中可以轻松纳入由短序列代表的多个稀有物种。该类群的首个全面的、经过时间校准的系统发育用于检验以下假设：过去2300万年新热带区剧烈的环境变化导致多样化速率增加，或者多样化速率受多样性依赖效应的影响而发生变化。我们发现，在导致目前物种最丰富的属——闪蝶属的分支上，多样化速率有所增加，但这种变化是逐渐发生的，不能明确归因于某个特定的环境驱动因素。我们的研究对哲学上不同的物种树重建方法进行了全面比较，并深入了解了地球上生物多样性最丰富地区一种重要昆虫辐射的多样化情况。
