Zhang X, Han C, He J
Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China -
Panminerva Med. 2015 Dec;57(4):191-200. Epub 2015 Jan 29.
Bladder cancer is amongst the most common malignant tumor of the urinary tract system and has the worst outcomes. The factors related to the occurrence and progression of this urological cancer has received considerable research attention. The discovery of marker genes enhances the sensitivity and specificity of early diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Furthermore, these genes can be used as targets for antitumor drugs. Biomarkers that prospectively evaluate disease aggressiveness, progression risk, probability of recurrence and overall prognosis could improve patient care. Integration of molecular markers with conventional pathologic staging of bladder cancers may refine clinical decision making for the selection of adjuvant and salvage therapy. In the past decade, numerous bladder cancer biomarkers have been identified, including various tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, growth factors, growth factor receptors, hormone receptors, proliferation and apoptosis markers, cell adhesion molecules, stromal factors, and oncoproteins. Several studies on the biological characters and mechanism of the related proteins have provided a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. In this review article, we summarized the status of the current studies in this field.
膀胱癌是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，预后最差。与这种泌尿系统癌症发生和进展相关的因素已受到相当多的研究关注。标志物基因的发现提高了膀胱癌早期诊断和治疗的敏感性和特异性。此外，这些基因可作为抗肿瘤药物的靶点。前瞻性评估疾病侵袭性、进展风险、复发概率和总体预后的生物标志物可改善患者护理。将分子标志物与膀胱癌的传统病理分期相结合，可能会优化辅助治疗和挽救治疗选择的临床决策。在过去十年中，已鉴定出众多膀胱癌生物标志物，包括各种肿瘤抑制基因、癌基因、生长因子、生长因子受体、激素受体、增殖和凋亡标志物、细胞黏附分子、基质因子和癌蛋白。几项关于相关蛋白生物学特性和机制的研究为膀胱癌的诊断和治疗提供了理论基础。在这篇综述文章中，我们总结了该领域当前研究的现状。
