Cancer Survivorship and Models of Survivorship Care: A Review.

There are over 13 million cancer survivors in the United States. This is heterogenous group in age, cultural background, and cancer history and also in regards to the natural history of their cancer survivorship. There are "seasons of survivorship" including acute, transitional, extended, permanent, and chronic in which the medical and psychosocial problems and needs of cancer survivors change. For example, the medical and psychosocial needs of a testicular cancer survivor who is 1 year beyond diagnosis are very different from the same person 20 years later when the risk of recurrence is very low but the risk of second cancers has risen. This is a review of the "seasons of survivorship." Some of the specific needs of cancer survivors in each phase of survivorship are presented. Models of survivorship care are also reviewed.