Yuan Fang, Qian Dongfu, Huang Chenglong, Tian Miaomiao, Xiang Yuanxi, He Zhifei, Feng Zhanchun
School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei Province, China.
College of Medical Administration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
BMC Public Health. 2015 Jan 31;15:55. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1393-2.
Lifestyle diseases could be prevented and controlled by disseminating health knowledge. This study explored the health knowledge awareness and the impact factors of health knowledge awareness, and the way people received health knowledge in western China.
We undertook a cross-sectional survey in 8 counties, 24 townships and 72 villages from July 2011 to April 2012 in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Chongqing and Qinghai in China. Collected data, which were publicly available, consisted of two parts, namely, socio-demographic information and the 1466 corresponding rural residents' awareness and the approach of health knowledge. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to explore the impact factors of health knowledge awareness. Multiple linear regressions was then applied to examine the potential predictors of health knowledge awareness.
Four predictors-age (negative factor), educational level (positive factor), distance from home to the nearest medical institution (negative factor) and annul disposable household income (negative factor) were in the final liner regression model (p < 0.05). The results showed that awareness of health knowledge associated with risk factors was the highest (58.85%). The highest awareness rate of health knowledge is the title "Whether secondhand smoke is harmful to myself" (69.78%) and the lowest title is "Whether eating with hepatitis B patients will be infected Hepatitis B" (21.69%). The main way to receive health knowledge was traditional way such as doctors (80.45%). About more than half of the residents received health knowledge through television, video, newspaper and magazines (65.78%), family members, neighbors (67.38%) and the village health bulletin boards (53.16%).
Health knowledge awareness of rural residents was quite low and the way of receiving health knowledge was simple and traditional. One of the critical factors was education level. Direct results showed that lower income families always obtained higher health knowledge level than the rich families. The main way to receive health knowledge was traditional ways. In the process of health education, different means of education should be adopted for different groups so as to achieve ideal effect. Potential interventions may be different from education process which should be adapted to different income level families.
通过传播健康知识可预防和控制生活方式疾病。本研究探讨了中国西部地区的健康知识知晓情况、健康知识知晓的影响因素以及人们获取健康知识的方式。
2011年7月至2012年4月，在中国内蒙古、新疆、重庆和青海的8个县、24个乡和72个村进行了横断面调查。所收集的公开可用数据包括两部分，即社会人口学信息以及1466名相应农村居民的健康知识知晓情况和获取途径。采用方差分析（ANOVA）来探讨健康知识知晓的影响因素。随后应用多元线性回归来检验健康知识知晓的潜在预测因素。
年龄（负向因素）、教育水平（正向因素）、家到最近医疗机构的距离（负向因素）和家庭年可支配收入（负向因素）这四个预测因素纳入了最终的线性回归模型（p < 0.05）。结果显示，与危险因素相关的健康知识知晓率最高（58.85%）。健康知识知晓率最高的题目是“二手烟是否对自己有害”（69.78%），最低的题目是“与乙肝患者共餐是否会感染乙肝”（21.69%）。获取健康知识的主要方式是传统方式，如医生（80.45%）。约一半以上的居民通过电视、视频、报纸和杂志（65.78%）、家庭成员、邻居（67.38%）以及村卫生宣传栏（53.16%）获取健康知识。
农村居民的健康知识知晓率相当低，获取健康知识的方式简单且传统。关键因素之一是教育水平。直接结果表明，低收入家庭的健康知识水平往往高于富裕家庭。获取健康知识的主要方式是传统方式。在健康教育过程中，应针对不同群体采用不同的教育手段以达到理想效果。潜在干预措施可能因教育过程而异，应适应不同收入水平的家庭。
