Case D Troy, Rawlins Callie M, Mick Charlotte B
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8107.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2015 Jun;157(2):322-9. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22700. Epub 2015 Jan 13.
Standards for measuring the metacarpals are absent from commonly used osteometric guides. Perhaps the closest to a set of standard measurements in common use today are those proposed by Scheuer and Elkington (Scheuer and Elkington: J Forensic Sci 38 (1993) 769-788) for forensic sex assessment. They include caliper measurements of interarticular length, base and head width, base and head height, and maximum midshaft diameter. Over the last decade, a new set of measurements that encompass similar dimensions to those used by Scheuer and Elkington, but which are taken with a mini-osteometric board (MOB) have been developed by the lead author. Use of the MOB avoids the need to manipulate both the bone and calipers in three-dimensional space and causes less strain on the hands. However, the question of intra- and interobserver accuracy has not been adequately addressed for either set of measurements. The purpose of this study was to test both the Scheuer/Elkington and MOB measurements on 20 hands from 10 anatomical skeletons for intra- and inter-observer accuracy. The study found that 92% of the MOB measures had a lower intraobserver error, and 88% had a lower interobserver error than did the caliper measurements. It also found that the maximum midshaft diameter measurement used by Scheuer and Elkington is more repeatable than a mediolateral diameter. Overall, 88% of the 25 MOB measurements had median intraobserver error rates of under 1.5%, compared with 60% of the caliper measurements. Furthermore, the MOB measurements as a set were taken 10 to 12% faster than the caliper measurements.
常用的骨测量指南中缺少测量掌骨的标准。目前常用的、最接近一套标准测量方法的可能是由朔伊尔和埃尔金顿（Scheuer和Elkington：《法医科学杂志》38（1993）769 - 788）提出的用于法医性别评估的方法。它们包括用卡尺测量关节间长度、基部和头部宽度、基部和头部高度以及骨干最大直径。在过去十年中，第一作者开发了一套新的测量方法，其包含的尺寸与朔伊尔和埃尔金顿使用的类似，但使用微型骨测量板（MOB）进行测量。使用MOB避免了在三维空间中同时操作骨骼和卡尺的需要，并且对手部造成的压力较小。然而，对于这两组测量方法，观察者内部和观察者之间的准确性问题都没有得到充分解决。本研究的目的是对来自10具解剖骨架的20只手进行朔伊尔/埃尔金顿测量方法和MOB测量方法的观察者内部和观察者之间准确性测试。研究发现，92%的MOB测量的观察者内部误差较低，88%的MOB测量的观察者之间误差低于卡尺测量。研究还发现，朔伊尔和埃尔金顿使用的骨干最大直径测量比内外侧直径测量更具可重复性。总体而言，25项MOB测量中有88%的观察者内部误差率中位数低于1.5%，而卡尺测量的这一比例为60%。此外，整套MOB测量比卡尺测量快10%到12%。
