Wu Chenchen, Liu Xiaoxue, Ma Feng, Zhao Baoyu
College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
BMC Vet Res. 2015 Feb 3;11:16. doi: 10.1186/s12917-015-0336-6.
Livestock that consume locoweed exhibit multiple neurological symptoms, including dispirited behavior, staggered gait, trembling, ataxia, impaired reproductive function and cellular vacuolar degeneration of multiple tissues due to toxicity from plant-derived alkaloids such as swainsonine.
Swainsonine was administered to F(0) and F(1) mice by intraperitoneal injection before, during and after pregnancy at the following doses: 0.525 mg/kg BW(I), 0.2625 mg/kg BW(II), 0.175 mg/kg BW(III) and 0 mg/kg BW(IV). Hemosiderin deposits were observed the lamina propria of endometrium in uterus and the red pulp of spleen. Ovary corpus lutea counts in F(0) mice were higher in swainsonine-treated mice compared to control mice. Indirect bilirubin content and reticulocyte numbers were increased in swainsonine-treated F(0) and F(1) generation mice compared to control group (P < 0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase content in F(0)-I and F(0)-II mice were significantly increased compared with F(0)-IV group mice (P < 0.05). Red blood cells, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased in F(0) and F(1) mice compared with the control group (P < 0.05).
Swainsonine exerts effects on estrus period and reproductive ability, and offspring of dams dosed with swainsonine were affected in-utero or from nursing. Damage to liver, uterus and spleen, as well as hematological changes, are observable before neurological symptoms present.
食用疯草的家畜会出现多种神经症状，包括精神萎靡、步态蹒跚、颤抖、共济失调、生殖功能受损以及由于植物源性生物碱（如苦马豆素）中毒导致的多个组织细胞空泡变性。
在怀孕前、怀孕中和怀孕后，通过腹腔注射以以下剂量将苦马豆素给予F(0)和F(1)代小鼠：0.525毫克/千克体重（I组）、0.2625毫克/千克体重（II组）、0.175毫克/千克体重（III组）和0毫克/千克体重（IV组）。在子宫的子宫内膜固有层和脾脏的红髓中观察到含铁血黄素沉积。与对照组相比，苦马豆素处理的F(0)代小鼠的卵巢黄体数量更多。与对照组相比，苦马豆素处理的F(0)和F(1)代小鼠的间接胆红素含量和网织红细胞数量增加（P < 0.05）。与F(0)-IV组小鼠相比，F(0)-I组和F(0)-II组小鼠的乳酸脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶含量显著增加（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比，F(0)和F(1)代小鼠的红细胞、血红蛋白和平均红细胞血红蛋白水平显著降低（P < 0.05）。
苦马豆素对发情期和生殖能力有影响，用苦马豆素给药的母鼠后代在子宫内或通过哺乳受到影响。在出现神经症状之前，可以观察到肝脏、子宫和脾脏的损伤以及血液学变化。
