Krasnov Boris R, Shenbrot Georgy I, Khokhlova Irina S
Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University, Negev, SedeBoqer Campus, 84990, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel,
Parasitol Res. 2015 May;114(5):1677-86. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4349-7. Epub 2015 Feb 4.
We investigated the phylogenetic structure of flea assemblages collected from small mammals on opposite sides of and increasing distance from the former Bering Land Bridge (BLB) using crossed double principal coordinate analysis (crossed-DPCoA). Phylogenetic composition of flea assemblages differed substantially between continents, but phylogenetic similarity between the Nearctic and Palearctic assemblages was the highest in the regions closer to the BLB. Within continents, phylogenetic similarity of flea assemblages was lower between regions closer to the BLB and those farther from the BLB than among regions within each of these groups. The Palearctic assemblages were represented mainly by basal families, while the Nearctic assemblages were dominated by a derived family (Ceratophyllidae), suggesting predominantly eastward pre-glaciation movements. In contrast, within the youngest flea family (Ceratophyllidae), the basal clades were characteristic for the Nearctic, while some species of a few derived clades were characteristic for the Palearctic, suggesting that, at least, during glaciation, westward movements occurred as well. In addition, multiple within-family clades of fleas were represented on opposite sides of the BLB suggesting multiple colonization events. This study is the first attempt to apply modern analytical methods of community ecology to reveal patterns in historical biogeography.
我们使用交叉双主坐标分析（crossed-DPCoA），研究了从白令陆桥（BLB）两侧及距其距离不断增加的小型哺乳动物身上采集的跳蚤群落的系统发育结构。跳蚤群落的系统发育组成在各大洲之间存在显著差异，但在靠近白令陆桥的地区，新北区和古北区群落之间的系统发育相似性最高。在各大洲内部，靠近白令陆桥的地区与远离白令陆桥的地区之间的跳蚤群落系统发育相似性，低于这些组内各地区之间的相似性。古北区群落主要由基部类科代表，而新北区群落则以一个衍生类科（角叶蚤科）为主，这表明主要是在冰川作用前向东的迁移。相比之下，在最年轻的跳蚤科（角叶蚤科）中，基部类群是新北区的特征，而一些衍生类群的一些物种是古北区的特征，这表明至少在冰川作用期间也发生了向西的迁移。此外，白令陆桥两侧都有跳蚤科内的多个类群，这表明存在多次定殖事件。本研究首次尝试应用群落生态学的现代分析方法来揭示历史生物地理学中的模式。
