Krasnov Boris R, Khokhlova Irina S, López Berrizbeitia M Fernanda, Matthee Sonja, Sanchez Juliana P, Shenbrot Georgy I, van der Mescht Luther
Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
Parasitology. 2024 Apr;151(4):449-460. doi: 10.1017/S0031182024000283. Epub 2024 Mar 4.
We studied the relationships between functional alpha and beta diversities of fleas and their small mammalian hosts in 4 biogeographic realms (the Afrotropics, the Nearctic, the Neotropics and the Palearctic), considering 3 components of alpha diversity (functional richness, divergence and regularity). We asked whether (a) flea alpha and beta diversities are driven by host alpha and beta diversities; (b) the variation in the off-host environment affects variation in flea alpha and beta diversities; and (c) the pattern of the relationship between flea and host alpha or beta diversities differs between geographic realms. We analysed alpha diversity using modified phylogenetic generalized least squares and beta diversity using modified phylogenetic generalized dissimilarity modelling. In all realms, flea functional richness and regularity increased with an increase in host functional richness and regularity, respectively, whereas flea functional divergence correlated positively with host functional divergence in the Nearctic only. Environmental effects on the components of flea alpha diversity were found only in the Holarctic realms. Host functional beta diversity was invariantly the best predictor of flea functional beta diversity in all realms, whereas the effects of environmental variables on flea functional beta diversity were much weaker and differed between realms. We conclude that flea functional diversity is mostly driven by host functional diversity, whereas the environmental effects on flea functional diversity vary (a) geographically and (b) between components of functional alpha diversity.
我们研究了4个生物地理区域（热带非洲、新北区、新热带区和古北区）中跳蚤与其小型哺乳动物宿主的功能α多样性和β多样性之间的关系，同时考虑了α多样性的3个组成部分（功能丰富度、离散度和规则性）。我们探讨了以下问题：（a）跳蚤的α多样性和β多样性是否由宿主的α多样性和β多样性驱动；（b）宿主外环境的变化是否会影响跳蚤α多样性和β多样性的变化；以及（c）跳蚤与宿主α多样性或β多样性之间的关系模式在不同地理区域是否存在差异。我们使用改良的系统发育广义最小二乘法分析α多样性，使用改良的系统发育广义相异度建模分析β多样性。在所有区域中，跳蚤的功能丰富度和规则性分别随着宿主功能丰富度和规则性的增加而增加，而跳蚤的功能离散度仅在新北区与宿主功能离散度呈正相关。仅在全北区发现了环境对跳蚤α多样性组成部分的影响。在所有区域中，宿主功能β多样性始终是跳蚤功能β多样性的最佳预测指标，而环境变量对跳蚤功能β多样性的影响则弱得多，且在不同区域有所不同。我们得出结论，跳蚤的功能多样性主要由宿主功能多样性驱动，而环境对跳蚤功能多样性的影响在（a）地理上以及（b）功能α多样性的组成部分之间存在差异。
