Daniels Savel R, Phiri Ethel E, Klaus Sebastian, Albrecht Christian, Cumberlidge Neil
Department of Botany and Zoology, Private Bag X1, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Ecology and Evolution, J. W. Goethe-University, Biologicum, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Peoples Republic of China; Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany; and Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI 49855-5376, USA
Department of Botany and Zoology, Private Bag X1, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Ecology and Evolution, J. W. Goethe-University, Biologicum, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Peoples Republic of China; Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany; and Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI 49855-5376, USA.
Syst Biol. 2015 Jul;64(4):549-67. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syv011. Epub 2015 Feb 3.
Phylogenetic reconstruction, divergence time estimations and ancestral range estimation were undertaken for 66% of the Afrotropical freshwater crab fauna (Potamonautidae) based on four partial DNA loci (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, cytochrome oxidase one [COI], and histone 3). The present study represents the most comprehensive taxonomic sampling of any freshwater crab family globally, and explores the impact of paleodrainage interconnectivity on cladogenesis among freshwater crabs. Phylogenetic analyses of the total evidence data using maximum-likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP), and Bayesian inference (BI) produced a robust statistically well-supported tree topology that reaffirmed the monophyly of the Afrotropical freshwater crab fauna. The estimated divergence times suggest that the Afrotropical Potamonautidae diverged during the Eocene. Cladogenesis within and among several genera occurred predominantly during the Miocene, which was associated with major tectonic and climatic ameliorations throughout the region. Paleodrainage connectivity was observed with specimens from the Nilo-Sudan and East African coast proving to be sister to specimens from the Upper Guinea Forests in West Africa. In addition, we observed strong sister taxon affinity between specimens from East Africa and the Congo basin, including specimens from Lake Tanganyika, while the southern African fauna was retrieved as sister to the Angolan taxa. Within the East African clade we observed two independent transoceanic dispersal events, one to the Seychelles Archipelago and a second to Madagascar, while we observe a single transoceanic dispersal event from West Africa to São Tomé. The ancestral area estimation suggested a West African/East African ancestral range for the family with multiple dispersal events between southern Africa and East Africa, and between East Africa and Central Africa The taxonomic implications of our results are discussed in light of the widespread paraphyly evident among a number of genera.
基于四个部分DNA位点（12S rRNA、16S rRNA、细胞色素氧化酶亚基I [COI]和组蛋白3），对66%的非洲热带淡水蟹类群（溪蟹科）进行了系统发育重建、分歧时间估计和祖先分布范围估计。本研究代表了全球所有淡水蟹科中最全面的分类采样，并探讨了古排水系统连通性对淡水蟹类物种形成的影响。使用最大似然法（ML）、最大简约法（MP）和贝叶斯推断（BI）对总证据数据进行的系统发育分析产生了一个稳健的、在统计学上得到充分支持的树形拓扑结构，再次确认了非洲热带淡水蟹类群的单系性。估计的分歧时间表明，非洲热带溪蟹科在始新世期间发生了分化。几个属内部和之间的物种形成主要发生在中新世，这与该地区主要的构造和气候改善有关。观察到古排水系统的连通性，尼罗 - 苏丹和东非海岸的标本被证明是西非上几内亚森林标本的姐妹群。此外，我们观察到东非和刚果盆地的标本之间有很强的姐妹分类单元亲缘关系，包括坦噶尼喀湖的标本，而南部非洲的类群被检索为安哥拉类群的姐妹群。在东非分支中，我们观察到两次独立的跨洋扩散事件，一次到塞舌尔群岛，另一次到马达加斯加，同时我们观察到一次从西非到圣多美岛的跨洋扩散事件。祖先分布范围估计表明，该科的祖先分布范围为西非/东非，在南部非洲和东非之间以及东非和中非之间有多次扩散事件。我们根据许多属中明显存在的广泛并系性讨论了结果的分类学意义。
