Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
Allergy. 2015 May;70(5):591-7. doi: 10.1111/all.12588. Epub 2015 Feb 26.
Currently, there is no mandatory labelling of allergens for non-pre-packed foods in the EU. Therefore, consumers with food allergy rely on voluntary information provided by the staff. The aim of this study was to characterize allergic reactions to non-pre-packed foods and to investigate whether staff in bakery shops were able to give advice regarding a safe product choice.
Questionnaires were sent to 200 parents of children with a food allergy. Staff of 50 bakery shops were interviewed regarding selling non-pre-packed foods to food-allergic customers. Bakery products being recommended as 'cow's milk-free' were bought, and cow's milk protein levels were measured using ELISA.
A total of 104 of 200 questionnaires were returned. 25% of the children experienced an allergic reaction due to a non-pre-packed food from bakery shops and 20% from ice cream parlours. Sixty percent of the bakery staff reported serving food-allergic customers at least once a month, 24% once a week. Eighty four percent of the staff felt able to advise food-allergic consumers regarding a safe product choice. Seventy three 'cow's milk-free' products were sold in 44 bakery shops. Cow's milk could be detected in 43% of the bakery products, 21% contained >3 mg cow's milk protein per serving.
Staff in bakery shops felt confident about advising customers with food allergy. However, cow's milk was detectable in almost half of bakery products being sold as 'cow's milk-free'. Every fifth product contained quantities of cow's milk exceeding an amount where approximately 10% of cow's milk-allergic children will show clinical relevant symptoms.
目前，欧盟对非预包装食品没有强制性过敏原标签。因此，食物过敏的消费者依赖于工作人员提供的自愿信息。本研究旨在描述非预包装食品引起的过敏反应，并调查面包店的工作人员是否能够提供有关安全产品选择的建议。
向 200 名食物过敏儿童的家长发送了问卷。对 50 家面包店的工作人员进行了关于向食物过敏顾客销售非预包装食品的访谈。购买了被推荐为“不含牛奶”的面包店产品，并使用 ELISA 测量牛奶蛋白水平。
共收回 200 份问卷中的 104 份。25%的儿童因面包店和 20%的冰淇淋店的非预包装食品而出现过敏反应。60%的面包店工作人员报告说，他们至少每月为食物过敏顾客服务一次，24%的工作人员每周服务一次。84%的工作人员认为自己能够为食物过敏消费者提供安全产品选择方面的建议。44 家面包店销售了 73 种“不含牛奶”的产品。在 73 种“不含牛奶”的产品中，有 43%可以检测到牛奶，21%的产品每份含有超过 3 毫克的牛奶蛋白。
面包店的工作人员对为有食物过敏的顾客提供建议感到有信心。然而，在销售的“不含牛奶”的面包产品中，几乎有一半可以检测到牛奶。每五个产品中就有一个含有超过 10%的牛奶过敏儿童会出现临床相关症状的牛奶量。
