Vandenkoornhuyse Philippe, Quaiser Achim, Duhamel Marie, Le Van Amandine, Dufresne Alexis
CNRS, UMR 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes 1, Campus Beaulieu, 35000, Rennes, France.
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
New Phytol. 2015 Jun;206(4):1196-206. doi: 10.1111/nph.13312. Epub 2015 Feb 5.
Plants can no longer be considered as standalone entities and a more holistic perception is needed. Indeed, plants harbor a wide diversity of microorganisms both inside and outside their tissues, in the endosphere and ectosphere, respectively. These microorganisms, which mostly belong to Bacteria and Fungi, are involved in major functions such as plant nutrition and plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Hence, the microbiota impact plant growth and survival, two key components of fitness. Plant fitness is therefore a consequence of the plant per se and its microbiota, which collectively form a holobiont. Complementary to the reductionist perception of evolutionary pressures acting on plant or symbiotic compartments, the plant holobiont concept requires a novel perception of evolution. The interlinkages between the plant holobiont components are explored here in the light of current ecological and evolutionary theories. Microbiome complexity and the rules of microbiotic community assemblage are not yet fully understood. It is suggested that the plant can modulate its microbiota to dynamically adjust to its environment. To better understand the level of plant dependence on the microbiotic components, the core microbiota need to be determined at different hierarchical scales of ecology while pan-microbiome analyses would improve characterization of the functions displayed.
植物不能再被视为独立的个体，而需要一种更全面的认知。事实上，植物在其组织内部和外部分别拥有种类繁多的微生物，即分别存在于植物内圈和外圈。这些微生物大多属于细菌和真菌，参与植物营养以及植物对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性等主要功能。因此，微生物群影响植物生长和存活，而这是植物适应性的两个关键组成部分。所以，植物适应性是植物本身及其微生物群共同作用的结果，它们共同构成了一个共生功能体。与对作用于植物或共生部分的进化压力的还原论认知不同，植物共生功能体概念需要一种全新的进化认知。本文根据当前的生态和进化理论探讨了植物共生功能体各组成部分之间的相互联系。微生物组的复杂性以及微生物群落组装规则尚未完全被理解。有人提出，植物可以调节其微生物群以动态适应环境。为了更好地理解植物对微生物组成部分的依赖程度，需要在不同的生态学层次尺度上确定核心微生物群，而泛微生物组分析将有助于更好地表征所展示的功能。
