Yulistiani Dwi, Jelan Z A, Liang J B, Yaakub H, Abdullah N
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia .
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia .
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2015 Apr;28(4):494-501. doi: 10.5713/ajas.14.0406.
A digestibility study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing mulberry foliage and urea rice-bran as a source of fermentable energy and protein to 12 sheep fed diets based on urea-treated rice straw (TRS). The three dietary treatments were: T1, TRS with mulberry; T2, TRS with 50% mulberry replaced with rice bran and urea; and T3, TRS with rice bran and urea. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications for each treatment. The sheep were fed one of the three diets and the supplements were offered at 1.2% of the body weight (BW) and the TRS was provided ad libitum. There were no differences (p>0.05) among the three treatment groups with respect to dry matter (DM) intake (76.8±4.2 g/kg BW(0.75)) and DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) digestibility (55.3±1.22; 69.9±0.85; 46.3±1.65% respectively for DM, OM, and CP). The digestibility of fiber (neutral detergent fiber [NDF] and acid detergent fiber) was significantly lower (p<0.05) for T3 (46.2 and 46.6 respectively) compared to T1 (55.8 and 53.7 respectively) and T2 (54.1 and 52.8 respectively). Nitrogen (N) intake by sheep on diet T3 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than sheep fed diet T1. However, N balance did not differ among the three diets (3.0±0.32 g/d). In contrast, the rumen ammonia (NH3-N) concentrations in sheep fed T2 and T3 were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in sheep fed T1. The NH3-N concentrations for all three diets were above the critical value required for optimum rumen microbial growth and synthesis. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were highest (p<0.05) in T1 (120.3 mM), whilst the molar proportion of propionic acid was highest in T3 (36.9%). However, the microbial N supply in sheep fed T1 and T3 was similar but was significantly (p<0.05) higher than for sheep fed T2. It was concluded that mulberry foliage is a potential supplement of fermentable energy and protein for sheep fed TRS based diet. The suggested level of supplementation is 1.2% of BW or 32% of the total diet since it resulted in similar effects on the intake of DM, OM, and NDF, digestibility of DM, OM, and CP, N utilization and microbial supply when compared to rice bran and urea supplementation.
进行了一项消化率研究，以评估在以尿素处理稻草（TRS）为基础的日粮中添加桑叶和尿素米糠作为可发酵能量和蛋白质来源对12只绵羊的影响。三种日粮处理分别为：T1，TRS加桑叶；T2，TRS中50%的桑叶被米糠和尿素替代；T3，TRS加米糠和尿素。该研究采用完全随机设计，每个处理有四个重复。给绵羊饲喂三种日粮之一，补充料按体重（BW）的1.2%提供，TRS随意采食。三个处理组在干物质（DM）摄入量（76.8±4.2 g/kg BW(0.75)）以及DM、有机物（OM）和粗蛋白（CP）消化率方面没有差异（p>0.05）（DM、OM和CP的消化率分别为55.3±1.22；69.9±0.85；46.3±1.65%）。与T1（分别为55.8和53.7）和T2（分别为54.1和52.8）相比，T3的纤维（中性洗涤纤维[NDF]和酸性洗涤纤维）消化率显著更低（p<0.05）（分别为46.2和46.6）。采食日粮T3的绵羊的氮（N）摄入量显著高于采食日粮T1的绵羊（p<0.05）。然而，三种日粮之间的N平衡没有差异（3.0±0.32 g/d）。相反，采食T2和T3的绵羊瘤胃氨（NH3-N）浓度显著高于采食T1的绵羊（p<0.05）。所有三种日粮的NH3-N浓度均高于瘤胃微生物最佳生长和合成所需的临界值。总挥发性脂肪酸浓度在T1中最高（p<0.05）（120.3 mM），而丙酸的摩尔比例在T3中最高（36.9%）。然而，采食T1和T3的绵羊的微生物N供应量相似，但显著高于采食T2的绵羊（p<0.05）。得出的结论是，桑叶是基于TRS日粮的绵羊可发酵能量和蛋白质的潜在补充物。建议的补充水平为体重的1.2%或占总日粮的32%，因为与补充米糠和尿素相比，它对DM、OM和NDF的摄入量、DM、OM和CP的消化率、N利用率和微生物供应产生相似的影响。
