Giglio Anita, Brandmayr Pietro, Pasqua Teresa, Angelone Tommaso, Battistella Silvia, Giulianini Piero G
Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
Arthropod Struct Dev. 2015 May;44(3):209-17. doi: 10.1016/j.asd.2015.01.002. Epub 2015 Feb 2.
The present study focuses on the ability of Pterostichus melas italicus Dejean to mount cellular and humoral immune responses against invading pathogens. Ultrastructural analyses revealed the presence of five morphologically distinct types of hemocytes: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, oenocytoids and macrophage-like cells. Differential hemocyte counts showed that plasmatocytes and granulocytes were the most abundant circulating cell types and plasmatocytes exhibited phagocytic activity following the latex bead immune challenge. Macrophage-like cells were recruited after the immune challenge to remove exhausted phagocytizing cells, apoptotic cells and melanotic capsules formed to immobilize the latex beads. Total hemocyte counts showed a significant reduction of hemocytes after latex bead treatment. Phenoloxidase (PO) assays revealed an increase of total PO in hemolymph after immune system activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, the LPS-stimulated hemocytes showed increased protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, indicating that the cytotoxic action of nitric oxide was engaged in this antimicrobial collaborative response. These results provide a knowledge base for further studies on the sensitivity of the P. melas italicus immune system to the environmental perturbation in order to evaluate the effect of chemicals on non-target species in agroecosystems.
本研究聚焦于意大利墨纹婪步甲（Pterostichus melas italicus Dejean）对入侵病原体产生细胞免疫和体液免疫反应的能力。超微结构分析揭示了存在五种形态上不同类型的血细胞：原血细胞、浆血细胞、粒细胞、类绛色细胞和巨噬细胞样细胞。血细胞分类计数显示，浆血细胞和粒细胞是循环中最丰富的细胞类型，并且在乳胶珠免疫刺激后浆血细胞表现出吞噬活性。免疫刺激后招募巨噬细胞样细胞以清除耗尽的吞噬细胞、凋亡细胞以及为固定乳胶珠而形成的黑化包囊。乳胶珠处理后血细胞总数显示血细胞显著减少。酚氧化酶（PO）测定表明，用脂多糖（LPS）激活免疫系统后血淋巴中总PO增加。此外，LPS刺激的血细胞显示诱导型一氧化氮合酶的蛋白表达增加，表明一氧化氮的细胞毒性作用参与了这种抗菌协同反应。这些结果为进一步研究意大利墨纹婪步甲免疫系统对环境扰动的敏感性提供了知识基础，以便评估化学物质对农业生态系统中非靶标物种的影响。
