Snapper Leslie, Oranç Cansu, Hawley-Dolan Angelina, Nissel Jenny, Winner Ellen
Boston College, United States.
Boston College, United States.
Cognition. 2015 Apr;137:154-165. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.12.009. Epub 2015 Feb 4.
Can people with no special knowledge about art detect the skill, intentionality, and expressed meanings in non-representational art? Hawley-Dolan and Winner (2011) showed participants without training in art images of abstract expressionist paintings paired with superficially similar works by children or animals and asked them which they preferred and which was a better work of art. Participants selected the works by artists in response to both questions at a rate above chance. In Study 1, we used the same image pairs but asked a more direct question: which painting is by the artist rather than the child or animal? Individuals with no familiarity with abstract expressionism correctly identified the artists' works at a rate significantly above chance. In Study 2 participants saw each image singly and were asked whether it was by an artist or a child or animal. Participants unfamiliar with abstract expressionism again correctly identified the source of the works at a rate above chance. Study 3 demonstrated that this discrimination is made on the basis of perceived intentionality and perceived structure. People see more than they think they do in abstract art. These findings tell us something about the nature of non-figurative art. They also tell us something about the human tendency to ferret out intentionality.
对艺术没有专业知识的人能察觉到非具象艺术中的技巧、意图和所表达的含义吗？霍利 - 多兰和维纳（2011年）让没有艺术训练的参与者观看抽象表现主义绘画的图像，并将其与儿童或动物创作的表面上相似的作品配对，然后问他们更喜欢哪一幅，以及哪一幅是更好的艺术作品。参与者在回答这两个问题时选择艺术家作品的比例高于随机概率。在研究1中，我们使用了相同的图像对，但问了一个更直接的问题：哪幅画是艺术家画的，而不是儿童或动物画的？对抽象表现主义不熟悉的个体正确识别出艺术家作品的比例显著高于随机概率。在研究2中，参与者单独观看每一幅图像，并被问到它是由艺术家、儿童还是动物创作的。不熟悉抽象表现主义的参与者再次以高于随机概率的比例正确识别出作品的来源。研究3表明，这种辨别是基于感知到的意图和感知到的结构。人们在抽象艺术中看到的比他们认为自己看到的要多。这些发现告诉了我们一些关于非具象艺术本质的信息。它们也告诉了我们一些关于人类探寻意图的倾向的信息。
