Gilardelli Federica, Sgorbati Sergio, Armiraglio Stefano, Citterio Sandra, Gentili Rodolfo
Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy,
Environ Manage. 2015 May;55(5):1147-59. doi: 10.1007/s00267-015-0450-z. Epub 2015 Feb 7.
Revegetation patterns after quarry abandonment have been widely studied from several ecological points of view, but a trait-based approach is still lacking. The aim of this study was to characterise the plant species assemblages and the associated functional traits filtered on different geomorphological surfaces in abandoned limestone quarry areas: artificial cliffs, embankments, and platforms. We then verified if species with certain traits were better able to overcome the dispersal and environmental filters necessary for establishment. To this aim, we analyzed 113 vegetation plots and collected data on 25 morphological, ecological, and dispersal traits to detect species adaptaions across these man-made environments. As a case study, we investigated the extraction basin of Botticino (Lombardy, Italy), the second largest in Italy. The results obtained by SIMPER and CCA analyses showed that rockiness, stoniness, slope, elevation, and time of surfaces are the main filters that varied across quarries and affected plant assemblages at the macro-scale level. Across the three geomorphological surfaces (meso-scale) of quarries, more specific abiotic filters selecting species were found. In turn, traits differentiation according to the three main geomorphological surfaces of quarry emphasized that further filters acting at the micro-scale imply differences in dispersal mechanisms and resource availability. This work highlighted the utility to study species assemblages and environmental filters to address quarry restoration according to the type of geomorphological surface. The investigation of some traits (chorological form, life forms, seed dispersal,s and plant height) can furnish some interesting indications for practice individuating further abiotic filters acting at the micro-scale.
从多个生态学角度对采石场废弃后的植被恢复模式进行了广泛研究，但基于性状的方法仍然缺乏。本研究的目的是描述废弃石灰岩采石场地区不同地貌表面（人工悬崖、堤岸和平台）上过滤后的植物物种组合及其相关功能性状。然后，我们验证了具有某些性状的物种是否更有能力克服定居所需的扩散和环境过滤。为此，我们分析了113个植被样地，并收集了25个形态、生态和扩散性状的数据，以检测这些人造环境中的物种适应性。作为案例研究，我们调查了意大利第二大的博蒂奇诺采石场（意大利伦巴第）的开采盆地。SIMPER分析和CCA分析结果表明，岩石度、石质、坡度、海拔和地表时间是采石场之间变化的主要过滤因素，在宏观尺度上影响植物组合。在采石场的三个地貌表面（中尺度）上，发现了更具体的选择物种的非生物过滤因素。反过来，根据采石场的三个主要地貌表面的性状差异强调，在微观尺度上起作用的进一步过滤因素意味着扩散机制和资源可用性的差异。这项工作强调了根据地貌表面类型研究物种组合和环境过滤因素以进行采石场恢复的实用性。对一些性状（地理分布形式、生活型、种子扩散和株高）的研究可以为确定在微观尺度上起作用的进一步非生物过滤因素提供一些有趣的实践指示。
