Almagro-Moreno Salvador, Taylor Ronald K
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755.
Microbiol Spectr. 2013 Dec;1(2). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0003-2012.
is widely known to be the etiological agent of the life-threatening diarrheal disease cholera. Cholera remains a major scourge in many developing countries, infecting hundreds of thousands every year. Remarkably, is a natural inhabitant of brackish riverine, estuarine, and coastal waters, and only a subset of strains are known to be pathogenic to humans. Recent studies have begun to uncover a very complex network of relationships between and other sea dwellers, and the mechanisms associated with the occurrence of seasonal epidemics in regions where cholera is endemic are beginning to be elucidated. Many of the factors required for the organism's survival and persistence in its natural environment have been revealed, as well as the ubiquitous presence of horizontal gene transfer in the emergence of pathogenic strains of . In this article, we will focus on the environmental stage of pathogenic and the interactions of the microorganism with other inhabitants of aquatic environments. We will discuss the impact that its environmental reservoirs have on disease transmission and the distinction between reservoirs of and the vectors that establish cholera as a zoonosis.
众所周知，它是危及生命的腹泻病霍乱的病原体。霍乱在许多发展中国家仍然是一个主要祸害，每年感染数十万人。值得注意的是，它是咸淡水河流、河口和沿海水域的天然居民，只有一部分菌株已知对人类致病。最近的研究开始揭示它与其他海洋生物之间非常复杂的关系网络，并且与霍乱流行地区季节性流行发生相关的机制也开始得到阐明。已经揭示了该生物体在其自然环境中生存和持续存在所需的许多因素，以及在霍乱弧菌致病菌株出现过程中普遍存在的水平基因转移。在本文中，我们将重点关注致病性霍乱弧菌的环境阶段以及该微生物与水生环境中其他生物的相互作用。我们将讨论其环境宿主对疾病传播的影响以及霍乱弧菌宿主与将霍乱确立为人畜共患病的媒介之间的区别。
