Steentoft A, Teige B, Vuori E, Ceder G, Holmgren P, Kaa E, Kristinsson J, Normann P T, Pikkarainen J
Institute of Forensic Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Z Rechtsmed. 1989;102(6):355-65. doi: 10.1007/BF00200244.
Fatal intoxications in the 15-34 age group in the five Nordic countries during the years 1984 and 1985 (Sweden only in 1984) were investigated. The known drug addicts were studied separately. The highest incidence of intoxications, calculated per 10(5) population, was found in Finland (11.3), followed by Denmark (10.3), Sweden (8.5), Iceland (7.2) and Norway (6.6). The percentage of intoxications caused by drugs was 92 in Denmark, 71 in Norway, 66 in Sweden, 50 in Finland and 17 in Iceland. Ethanol intoxications were seen 5-7 and 2-3 times as frequently in Finland and in Iceland, respectively, than in the other three countries. Carbon monoxide intoxications accounted for two-thirds of all fatal intoxications in Iceland. Drug addicts accounted for 62% of all fatal intoxications in the Danish material. The corresponding figures were 33% in the Norwegian, 16% in the Swedish and 5% in the Finnish material. No deaths in drug addicts were found in Iceland. Most drug addicts in Denmark, Norway and Sweden died of hard drugs and most in Norway and Sweden, from heroin or morphine, whereas in Denmark other strong analgesics, such as methadone, dextropropoxyphene and ketobemidone, accounted for 40% of all hard-drug-related fatal intoxications. To a certain extent the results reflect differences in the legal autopsy routines in the various Nordic countries. However, the ascertainment of drug addicts is assumed to be near-complete in each country.
对1984年和1985年期间（瑞典仅1984年）北欧五国15至34岁年龄组的致命中毒情况进行了调查。已知吸毒者单独进行研究。按每10万人计算，中毒发生率最高的是芬兰（11.3），其次是丹麦（10.3）、瑞典（8.5）、冰岛（7.2）和挪威（6.6）。由药物引起的中毒百分比在丹麦为92%，挪威为71%，瑞典为66%，芬兰为50%，冰岛为17%。乙醇中毒在芬兰和冰岛出现的频率分别是其他三个国家的5至7倍和2至3倍。一氧化碳中毒占冰岛所有致命中毒的三分之二。在丹麦的资料中，吸毒者占所有致命中毒的62%。挪威相应的数字为33%，瑞典为16%，芬兰为5%。冰岛未发现吸毒者死亡。丹麦、挪威和瑞典的大多数吸毒者死于烈性毒品，挪威和瑞典的大多数吸毒者死于海洛因或吗啡，而在丹麦，其他强效镇痛药，如美沙酮、右丙氧芬和凯托米酮，占所有与烈性毒品相关的致命中毒的40%。这些结果在一定程度上反映了北欧各国法定尸检程序的差异。然而，假定每个国家对吸毒者的确定几乎是完整的。
