Triki-Fendri Soumaya, Sánchez-Diz Paula, Rey-González Danel, Ayadi Imen, Carracedo Ángel, Rebai Ahmed
Research Group on Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Tunisia.
Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2015 Jun;157(2):242-51. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22705. Epub 2015 Feb 11.
Many studies based on genetic diversity of North African populations have contributed to elucidate the modelling of the genetic landscape in this region. North Africa is considered as a distinct spatial-temporal entity on geographic, archaeological, and historical grounds, which has undergone the influence of different human migrations along its shaping. For instance, Libya, a North African country, was first inhabited by Berbers and then colonized by a variety of ethnic groups like Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs and, in recent times, Italians. In this study, we contribute to clarify the genetic variation of Libya and consequently, of North African modern populations, by the study of Libyan male lineages. A total of 22 Y-chromosome-specific SNPs were genotyped in a sample of 175 Libyan males, allowing the characterization of 18 Y-chromosomal haplogroups. The obtained data revealed a predominant Northwest African component represented by haplogroup E-M81 (33.7%) followed by J(xJ1a,J2)-M304 (27.4%), which is postulated to have a Middle Eastern origin. The comparative study with other populations (∼5,400 individuals from North Africa, Middle East, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Europe) revealed a general genetic homogeneity among North African populations (FST = 5.3 %; P-value < 0.0001). Overall, the Y-haplogroup diversity in Libya and in North Africa is characterized by two genetic components. The first signature is typical of Berber-speaking people (E-M81), the autochthonous inhabitants, whereas the second is (J(xJ1a,J2)-M304), originating from Arabic populations. This is in agreement with the hypothesis of an Arabic expansion from the Middle East, shaping the North African genetic landscape.
许多基于北非人群遗传多样性的研究都有助于阐明该地区遗传格局的形成模式。从地理、考古和历史角度来看，北非被视为一个独特的时空实体，在其形成过程中受到了不同人类迁徙的影响。例如，利比亚这个北非国家最初由柏柏尔人居住，后来被腓尼基人、希腊人、罗马人、阿拉伯人以及近代的意大利人等不同种族群体殖民。在本研究中，我们通过对利比亚男性谱系的研究，有助于阐明利比亚以及北非现代人群的遗传变异情况。在175名利比亚男性样本中对总共22个Y染色体特异性单核苷酸多态性进行了基因分型，从而确定了18个Y染色体单倍群。所获得的数据显示，以单倍群E-M81（33.7%）为代表的西北非成分占主导地位，其次是J(xJ1a,J2)-M304（27.4%），据推测其起源于中东。与其他人群（来自北非、中东、撒哈拉以南非洲和欧洲的约5400人）的比较研究表明，北非人群之间存在普遍的遗传同质性（FST = 5.3 %；P值<0.0001）。总体而言，利比亚和北非的Y单倍群多样性由两种遗传成分构成。第一个特征是讲柏柏尔语的人群（E-M81）所特有的，他们是当地的原住民，而第二个特征是（J(xJ1a,J2)-M304），起源于阿拉伯人群。这与阿拉伯人从中东扩张并塑造了北非遗传格局的假说相符。
