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小分子刺猬因子抑制剂与微小RNA联合递送用于治疗胰腺癌。

Codelivery of small molecule hedgehog inhibitor and miRNA for treating pancreatic cancer.

作者信息

Kumar Virender, Mondal Goutam, Slavik Paige, Rachagani Satyanarayna, Batra Surinder K, Mahato Ram I

机构信息

†Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.

出版信息

Mol Pharm. 2015 Apr 6;12(4):1289-98. doi: 10.1021/mp500847s. Epub 2015 Feb 25.

Abstract

Successful treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a challenge due to the desmoplastic microenvironment that promotes both tumor growth and metastasis and forms a barrier to chemotherapy. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is implicated in initiation and progression of PDAC and also contributes to desmoplasia. While Hh levels are increased in pancreatic cancer cells, levels of tumor suppressor miR-let7b, which targets several genes involved in PDAC pathogenesis, is downregulated. Therefore, our overall objective was to inhibit Hh pathway and restore miR-let7b simultaneously for synergistically treating PDAC. miR-let7b and Hh inhibitor GDC-0449 could inhibit the proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells (Capan-1, HPAF-II, T3M4, and MIA PaCa-2), and there was synergistic effect when miR-let7b and GDC-0449 were coformulated into micelles using methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl- 2-carboxyl-propylenecarbonate-graft-dodecanol-graft-tetraethylene-pentamine) (mPEG-b-PCC-g-DC-g-TEPA). This copolymer self-assembled into micelles of <100 nm and encapsulated hydrophobic GDC-0449 into its core with 5% w/w drug loading and allowed complex formation between miR-let7b and its cationic pendant chains. Complete polyplex formation with miRNA was observed at the N/P ratio of 16/1. Almost 80% of GDC-0449 was released from the polyplex in a sustained manner in 2 days. miRNA in the micelle formulation was stable for up to 24 h in the presence of serum and high uptake efficiency was achieved with low cytotoxicity. This combination therapy effectively inhibited tumor growth when injected to athymic nude mice bearing ectopic tumor generated using MIA PaCa-2 cells compared to micelles carrying GDC-0449 or miR-let7b alone. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed decreased tumor cell proliferation with increased apoptosis in the animals treated with miR-let7b and GDC-0449 combination.

摘要

由于促结缔组织增生性微环境促进肿瘤生长和转移并形成化疗障碍,胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)的成功治疗仍然是一项挑战。刺猬信号通路(Hh)与PDAC的发生和发展有关,也有助于促结缔组织增生。虽然胰腺癌细胞中Hh水平升高,但靶向参与PDAC发病机制的几个基因的肿瘤抑制因子miR-let7b水平下调。因此,我们的总体目标是同时抑制Hh通路并恢复miR-let7b,以协同治疗PDAC。miR-let7b和Hh抑制剂GDC-0449可以抑制人胰腺癌细胞(Capan-1、HPAF-II、T3M4和MIA PaCa-2)的增殖,当使用甲氧基聚(乙二醇)-嵌段-聚(2-甲基-2-羧基-丙撑碳酸酯-接枝-十二烷醇-接枝-四乙烯五胺)(mPEG-b-PCC-g-DC-g-TEPA)将miR-let7b和GDC-0449共配制成胶束时,存在协同效应。这种共聚物自组装成小于100nm的胶束,并将疏水性GDC-0449包封在其核心中,载药量为5%w/w,并允许miR-let7b与其阳离子侧链之间形成复合物。在N/P比为16/1时观察到与miRNA完全形成多聚体。几乎80%的GDC-0449在2天内以持续方式从多聚体中释放出来。胶束制剂中的miRNA在血清存在下长达24小时保持稳定,并且在低细胞毒性下实现了高摄取效率。与单独携带GDC-0449或miR-let7b的胶束相比,当将这种联合疗法注射到携带使用MIA PaCa-2细胞产生的异位肿瘤的无胸腺裸鼠中时,有效地抑制了肿瘤生长。免疫组织化学分析显示,用miR-let7b和GDC-0449联合治疗的动物中肿瘤细胞增殖减少,凋亡增加。

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