Wiewióra Barbara, Żurek Grzegorz, Pańka Dariusz
Department of Seed Science and Technology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland.
Departament of Grasses, Legumes and Energy Plants, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland.
PLoS One. 2015 Feb 13;10(2):e0117231. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117231. eCollection 2015.
Endophytic fungi live their whole life within host tissues usually without any visible symptoms. Their vertical transmission (seed-plant-seed) has been well described and documented. However, horizontal transmission (plant-plant) needs more clarification. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which endophytes move vertically in ecotypes of perennial ryegrass and whether there is evidence for the horizontal transmission of endophytes. Ecotypes from grasslands in Poland were collected in the form of living plants and used for vertical transmission analysis. Plants, the seed collected from these plants and plants grown from this collected seed were tested for endophytic infection. Provided that all produced seeds were viable and able to germinate and produce seedlings, the vertical transmission of Neotyphodium endophytes in perennial ryegrass ecotypes was nearly complete. For the horizontal transmission experiment, endophyte-hosting plants (E+) and endophyte-free plants (E-) of four cultivars were planted in the field in close proximity on small plots that were frequently mown. These studies revealed that after 7 months of growth next to E+ plants, the characteristic Neotyphodium spp. mycelia were found in E- plants, which was especially true for plants growing in close proximity to the infected plants. The occurrence of horizontal transmission of endophytes has not been previously demonstrated.
内生真菌一生都生活在宿主组织内，通常不会出现任何可见症状。它们的垂直传播（种子-植物-种子）已得到充分描述和记录。然而，水平传播（植物-植物）尚需进一步阐明。本研究的目的是评估内生真菌在多年生黑麦草生态型中垂直传播的程度，以及是否有证据表明内生真菌存在水平传播。以活体植物的形式收集了来自波兰草原的生态型样本，并用于垂直传播分析。对这些植物、从这些植物上收集的种子以及由这些收集到的种子培育出的植物进行内生真菌感染检测。假设所有产生的种子都有活力且能够发芽并长出幼苗，多年生黑麦草生态型中内生真菌新麦角菌属的垂直传播几乎是完全的。对于水平传播实验，将四个品种的带内生真菌植物（E+）和不带内生真菌植物（E-）种植在田间相邻的小地块上，并经常进行修剪。这些研究表明，在与E+植物相邻生长7个月后，在E-植物中发现了典型的新麦角菌属菌丝体，对于与受感染植物相邻生长的植物来说尤其如此。内生真菌水平传播的发生此前尚未得到证实。
