Coleman Bernice, Blumenthal Nancy, Currey Judy, Dobbels Fabienne, Velleca Angela, Grady Kathleen L, Kugler Christiane, Murks Catherine, Ohler Linda, Sumbi Christine, Luu Minh, Dark John, Kobashigawa Jon, White-Williams Connie
Nursing Research and Development, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
Lung Transplant Program, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2015 Feb;34(2):139-48. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.11.017. Epub 2014 Nov 25.
The role of nurses in cardiothoracic transplantation has evolved over the last 25 years. Transplant nurses work in a variety of roles in collaboration with multidisciplinary teams to manage complex pre- and post-transplantation issues. There is lack of clarity and consistency regarding required qualifications to practice transplant nursing, delineation of roles and adequate levels of staffing.
A consensus conference with workgroup sessions, consisting of 77 nurse participants with clinical experience in cardiothoracic transplantation, was arranged. This was followed by subsequent discussion with the ISHLT Nursing, Health Science and Allied Health Council. Evidence and expert opinions regarding key issues were reviewed. A modified nominal group technique was used to reach consensus.
Consensus reached included: (1) a minimum of 2 years nursing experience is required for transplant coordinators, nurse managers or advanced practice nurses; (2) a baccalaureate in nursing is the minimum education level required for a transplant coordinator; (3) transplant coordinator-specific certification is recommended; (4) nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists and nurse managers should hold at least a master's degree; and (5) strategies to retain transplant nurses include engaging donor call teams, mentoring programs, having flexible hours and offering career advancement support. Future research should focus on the relationships between staffing levels, nurse education and patient outcomes.
Delineation of roles and guidelines for education, certification, licensure and staffing levels of transplant nurses are needed to support all nurses working at the fullest extent of their education and licensure. This consensus document provides such recommendations and draws attention to areas for future research.
在过去25年中，护士在心胸移植领域所扮演的角色不断演变。移植护士与多学科团队协作，承担多种角色，以处理复杂的移植前后问题。在移植护理实践所需资质、角色界定和充足人员配备水平方面，缺乏明确性和一致性。
组织了一次由77名具有心胸移植临床经验的护士参与者参加的共识会议，并设置了工作组会议环节。随后与国际心脏和肺移植学会护理、健康科学及相关健康委员会进行了讨论。对有关关键问题的证据和专家意见进行了审查。采用改良的名义群体技术达成共识。
达成的共识包括：（1）移植协调员、护士经理或高级实践护士至少需要2年护理经验；（2）移植协调员所需的最低教育水平是护理学学士学位；（3）建议获得移植协调员特定认证；（4）执业护士、临床护理专家和护士经理应至少拥有硕士学位；（5）留住移植护士的策略包括让捐赠者呼叫团队参与、指导计划、灵活的工作时间以及提供职业发展支持。未来的研究应关注人员配备水平、护士教育与患者结局之间的关系。
需要明确移植护士的角色以及教育、认证、执照和人员配备水平的指导方针，以支持所有护士在其教育和执照规定的最大范围内工作。本共识文件提供了此类建议，并提请关注未来研究领域。
