Nguyen Tao Thien, Matsui Masafumi, Eto Koshiro
Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2015 Apr;85:59-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.02.003. Epub 2015 Feb 12.
We assessed phylogenetic and systematic relationships among 17 out of 23 species of Theloderma and all three species of Nyctixalus from 2412bp sequences of the mitochondrial DNA genes of 12S rRNA, tRNA(val), and 16S rRNA using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. With the exception of T. moloch, Theloderma and Nyctixalus are confirmed to form a clade, in which each genus also forms a clade. Theloderma moloch is phylogenetically outside these clades and closer to samples from Chiromantis, Feihyla, Gracixalus, Kurixalus, Philautus, Polypedates, Raorchestes, and Rhacophorus. Within Theloderma, T. horridum and T. stellatum form the sister taxon to a clade comprising the remaining species. The basal split within the latter clade groups T. asperum, T. licin, T. petilum, and T. ryabovi as the sister to a clade comprising T. bicolor, T. chuyangsinense, T. corticale, T. gordoni, T. laeve, T. lateriticum, T. nebulosum, T. rhododiscus, and T. truongsonense. Our phylogenetic results indicate homoplastic evolution of four morphological characters: small vs. large body size, presence of vomerine teeth, presence of a vocal opening in males, and interdigital webbing on hands. The common ancestor of Theloderma and Nyctixalus is inferred to have arisen in the area including the current Sunda region.
我们使用最大似然法和贝叶斯推断法，基于12S rRNA、tRNA(val)和16S rRNA这3个线粒体DNA基因的2412bp序列，评估了23种棱皮树蛙属物种中的17种以及所有3种夜蛙属物种之间的系统发育关系和分类关系。除了摩鹿加棱皮树蛙外，棱皮树蛙属和夜蛙属被证实形成一个分支，其中每个属也各自形成一个分支。摩鹿加棱皮树蛙在系统发育上位于这些分支之外，且与来自弹琴蛙属、泛树蛙属、疣棘蛙属、浮蛙属、小树蛙属、树蛙属、锯腿小树蛙属和树蛙科的样本关系更近。在棱皮树蛙属内，粗皮棱皮树蛙和繁星棱皮树蛙构成了一个分支的姐妹分类单元，该分支包含其余物种。后一个分支内的基部划分将糙皮棱皮树蛙、李氏棱皮树蛙、小棱皮树蛙和越南棱皮树蛙归为一个分支的姐妹分类单元，该分支包含双带棱皮树蛙、崇安棱皮树蛙、脆皮棱皮树蛙、贡山棱皮树蛙、光棱皮树蛙、红褐棱皮树蛙、云斑棱皮树蛙、红蹼棱皮树蛙和长山棱皮树蛙。我们的系统发育结果表明，4个形态特征存在同塑性进化：体型大小、犁骨齿的有无、雄性声门的有无以及手部指间蹼。棱皮树蛙属和夜蛙属的共同祖先被推断起源于包括当前巽他地区在内的区域。
