Rocha Tainá C, Sequeira Fernando, Aleixo Alexandre, Rêgo Péricles S, Sampaio Iracilda, Schneider Horacio, Vallinoto Marcelo
Laboratório de Evolução, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, PA 68600-000, Brazil.
CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2015 Apr;85:131-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.02.004. Epub 2015 Feb 12.
The genus Xiphorhynchus is a species rich avian group widely distributed in Neotropical forests of Central and South America. Although recent molecular studies have improved our understanding of the spatial patterns of genetic diversity in some species of this genus, most are still poorly known, including their taxonomy. Here, we address the historical diversification and phylogenetic relationships of the X. guttatus/susurrans complex, using data from two mitochondrial (cyt b and ND2) and one nuclear (β-fibint7) genes. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred with both gene trees and a Bayesian-based species tree under a coalescent framework (∗BEAST). With exception of the nuclear β-fibint7 gene that produced an unresolved tree, both mtDNA and the species tree showed a similar topology and were congruent in recovering five main clades with high statistical support. These clades, however, are not fully concordant with traditional delimitation of some X. guttatus subspecies, since X. g. polystictus, X. g. guttatus, and X. g. connectens are not supported as distinct clades. Interestingly, these three taxa are more closely related to the mostly trans-Andean X. susurrans than the other southern and western Amazonian subspecies of X. guttatus, which constitutes a paraphyletic species. Timing estimates based on the species tree indicated that diversification in X. guttatus occurred between the end of the Pliocene and early Pleistocene, likely associated with the formation of the modern Amazon River and its main southern tributaries (Xingu, Tocantins, and Madeira), in addition to climate-induced changes in the distribution of rainforest biomes. Our study supports with an enlarged dataset a previous proposal for recognizing at least three species level taxa in the X. guttatus/susurrans complex: X. susurrans, X. guttatus, and X. guttatoides.
斑翅蚁鸟属是一个物种丰富的鸟类群体，广泛分布于中美洲和南美洲的新热带森林。尽管最近的分子研究增进了我们对该属某些物种遗传多样性空间格局的理解，但大多数物种仍鲜为人知，包括它们的分类学。在这里，我们利用来自两个线粒体基因（细胞色素b和ND2）和一个核基因（β - 纤维蛋白原内含子7）的数据，探讨了斑点蚁鸟/鸣声蚁鸟复合体的历史多样化和系统发育关系。在溯祖框架（*BEAST）下，通过基因树和基于贝叶斯的物种树推断系统发育关系。除了核β - 纤维蛋白原内含子7基因产生了一个未解决的树外，线粒体DNA和物种树都显示出相似的拓扑结构，并且在恢复具有高统计支持的五个主要分支方面是一致的。然而，这些分支与斑点蚁鸟一些亚种的传统划分并不完全一致，因为多斑斑点蚁鸟、斑点蚁鸟和连斑斑点蚁鸟不被支持为不同的分支。有趣的是，这三个分类单元与主要分布在安第斯山脉以西的鸣声蚁鸟的关系比斑点蚁鸟的其他南部和西部亚马逊亚种更密切，后者构成了一个并系物种。基于物种树的时间估计表明，斑点蚁鸟的多样化发生在上新世末期和更新世早期之间，可能与现代亚马逊河及其主要南部支流（欣古河、托坎廷斯河和马德拉河）的形成有关，此外还与气候引起的雨林生物群落分布变化有关。我们的研究通过扩大数据集支持了先前的一项提议，即在斑点蚁鸟/鸣声蚁鸟复合体中至少识别出三个物种水平的分类单元：鸣声蚁鸟、斑点蚁鸟和拟斑点蚁鸟。
