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苯并二氮䓬类和噻吩并苯并二氮䓬类:用于中枢神经系统疾病的多靶点药物。

Benzo- and thienobenzo- diazepines: multi-target drugs for CNS disorders.

作者信息

Mendonça Júnior F J B, Scotti L, Ishiki H, Botelho S P S, Da Silva M S, Scotti M T

机构信息

Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, 58051-970, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil.

出版信息

Mini Rev Med Chem. 2015;15(8):630-47. doi: 10.2174/1389557515666150219125030.

Abstract

Benzodiazepines (BZ or BZD) are a class of gabaminergic psychoactive chemicals used in hypnotics, sedation, in the treatment of anxiety, and in other CNS disorders. These drugs include alprazolam (Xanax), diazepam (Valium), clonazepam (Klonopin), and others. There are two distinct types of pharmacological binding sites for benzodiazepines in the brain (BZ1 and BZ2), these sites are on GABA-A receptors, and are classified as short, intermediate, or long-acting. From the thienobenzodiazepine class (TBZ), Olanzapine (2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-l-piperazinyl)-10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine) (Zyprexa) was used as an example to demonstrate the antagonism of this class of compounds for multiples receptors including: dopamine D1-D5, α-adrenoreceptor, histamine H1, muscarinic M1-M5 and 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3 and 5-HT6 receptors. Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent, structurally related to clozapine, and extensively used for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder-associated mania, and the behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The functional blockade of these multiple receptors contributes to the wide range of its pharmacologic and therapeutic activities, having relatively few side effects when compared to other antipsychotics agents. Thienobenzodiazepines (such as Olanzapine) are characterized as multi- receptor- targeted- acting- agents. This mini-review discusses these 2 drug classes that act on the central nervous system, the main active compounds used, and the various receptors with which they interact. In addition, we propose 12 olanzapine analogues, and generated Random Forest models, from a data set obtained from the ChEMBL database, to classify the structures as active or inactive against 5 dopamine receptors (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6), and dopamine transporter.

摘要

苯二氮䓬类药物(BZ 或 BZD)是一类作用于γ-氨基丁酸能的精神活性化学物质,用于催眠、镇静、治疗焦虑及其他中枢神经系统疾病。这些药物包括阿普唑仑(佳静安定)、地西泮(安定)、氯硝西泮(氯硝安定)等。大脑中存在两种不同类型的苯二氮䓬类药物药理学结合位点(BZ1 和 BZ2),这些位点位于γ-氨基丁酸 A 型(GABA-A)受体上,可分为短效、中效或长效。以噻吨苯二氮䓬类药物(TBZ)中的奥氮平(2-甲基-4-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-10H-噻吩并[2,3-b][1,5]苯二氮䓬)(再普乐)为例,展示了这类化合物对多种受体的拮抗作用,包括:多巴胺 D1-D5、α-肾上腺素能受体、组胺 H1、毒蕈碱 M1-M5 以及 5-羟色胺 2A、5-羟色胺 2B、5-羟色胺 2C、5-羟色胺 3 和 5-羟色胺 6 受体。奥氮平是一种非典型抗精神病药物,在结构上与氯氮平相关,广泛用于治疗精神分裂症、双相情感障碍相关的躁狂症以及阿尔茨海默病的行为症状。对这些多种受体的功能性阻断作用导致了其广泛的药理和治疗活性,与其他抗精神病药物相比,副作用相对较少。噻吨苯二氮䓬类药物(如奥氮平)的特点是多受体靶向作用药物。这篇小型综述讨论了这两类作用于中枢神经系统的药物、主要使用的活性化合物以及它们相互作用的各种受体。此外,我们从 ChEMBL 数据库获得的数据集中提出了 12 种奥氮平类似物,并生成了随机森林模型,以将这些结构分类为对 5 种多巴胺受体(D1、D2、D3、D4、D5 和 D6)以及多巴胺转运体有活性或无活性。

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