Xin Hangshu, Abeysekara Samen, Zhang Xuewei, Yu Peiqiang
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada.
J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Mar 11;63(9):2383-91. doi: 10.1021/jf505911a. Epub 2015 Mar 3.
In this study, eight varieties of corn forage grown in semiarid western Canada (including Pioneer P2501, Pioneer P39m26, Pioneer P7443, Hyland HL3085, Hyland HLBaxxos, Hyland HLR219, Hyland HLSR22, and Pickseed Silex BT) were selected to explore the effect of irrigation implementation in comparison with nonirrigation on (1) agronomic characteristics, (2) basic chemical profiles explored by using a near-infrared reflectance (NIR) system, and (3) protein and carbohydrate internal structural parameters revealed by using an attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) system. Also, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on spectroscopic data for clarification of differences in molecular structural makeup among the varieties. The results showed that irrigation treatment significantly increased (P < 0.05) contents of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) but decreased crude protein (CP) of corn forages. Significant interactions of irrigation treatment and corn variety were observed on most agronomic characteristics (DM yield, T/ha, days to tasseling, days to silking) and crude fiber (CF) and ether extract (EE) contents as well as some spectral data such as cellulosic compounds (CELC) peak intensity, peak ratios of CHO third peak to CELC, α-helix to β-sheet, and CHO third peak to amide I. Additionally, the spectral ratios of chemical functional groups that related to structural and nonstructural carbohydrates and protein polymers in forages did not remain constant over corn varieties cultivated with and without water treatment. Moreover, different cultivars had different growth, structure, and nutrition performances in this study. Although significant differences could be found in peak intensities, PCA results indicated some structural similarities existed between two treated corn forages with the exception of HL3085 and HLBaxxos. In conclusion, irrigation and corn variety had interaction effects on agronomic, chemical, nutritional, and structural features. Further study on the optimum level of irrigation for corn forage cultivation might be helpful in semiarid regions such as western Canada.
在本研究中，选取了加拿大西部半干旱地区种植的8个玉米饲料品种（包括先锋P2501、先锋P39m26、先锋P7443、海兰HL3085、海兰HLBaxxos、海兰HLR219、海兰HLSR22和皮克西德赛莱克斯BT），以探究灌溉与非灌溉相比对以下方面的影响：（1）农艺性状；（2）使用近红外反射（NIR）系统探究的基本化学特征；（3）使用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）系统揭示的蛋白质和碳水化合物内部结构参数。此外，对光谱数据进行主成分分析（PCA），以阐明各品种间分子结构组成的差异。结果表明，灌溉处理显著提高了（P < 0.05）玉米饲料的干物质（DM）和有机物（OM）含量，但降低了粗蛋白（CP）含量。在大多数农艺性状（DM产量、T/公顷、抽雄天数、吐丝天数）、粗纤维（CF）和乙醚提取物（EE）含量以及一些光谱数据（如纤维素化合物（CELC）峰强度、CHO第三峰与CELC的峰比、α-螺旋与β-折叠以及CHO第三峰与酰胺I）方面，观察到灌溉处理与玉米品种之间存在显著相互作用。此外，与饲料中结构性和非结构性碳水化合物以及蛋白质聚合物相关的化学官能团的光谱比，在有水处理和无水处理种植的玉米品种中并非保持恒定。而且，在本研究中不同品种具有不同的生长、结构和营养表现。尽管在峰强度上可发现显著差异，但PCA结果表明，除HL3085和HLBaxxos外，两种处理的玉米饲料之间存在一些结构相似性。总之，灌溉和玉米品种对农艺、化学、营养和结构特征具有交互作用。对加拿大西部等半干旱地区玉米饲料种植的最佳灌溉水平进行进一步研究可能会有所帮助。
