Shields Rosemary, Shields Linda
College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, and School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, and School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
J Med Biogr. 2016 Nov;24(4):507-514. doi: 10.1177/0967772013480610. Epub 2015 Feb 19.
Emma Maud McCarthy was one of the most decorated nurses of the First World War. Born in Sydney in 1859, she trained as a nurse at The London Hospital in England. She was one of the first nurses to go to the South African War and in 1914 was one of the first members of Queen Alexandra's Imperial Nursing Service. Maud McCarthy went to France as Matron-in-Chief of British, Colonial and US nursing services until the end of hostilities in 1918. After the First World War she became Matron-in-Chief of the Territorial Army Nursing Service and retired five years later. She was appointed Dame Grand Cross in 1918 and earned awards from Britain, France, Belgium and America. Her influence on nursing was profound. One of the first senior nurses to recognise the impact of war on minds, she set up separate units for men who had self-harmed and she pioneered nurse anaesthetists in the British Armed Forces. Dame Maud McCarthy was an administrator par excellence whose determination to provide the best conditions possible for both her nurses and the men for whom they cared made possible the highest standards of nursing care in the First World War.
艾玛·莫德·麦卡锡是第一次世界大战中获得勋章最多的护士之一。她于1859年出生在悉尼，在英国的伦敦医院接受护士培训。她是最早前往南非战争的护士之一，1914年成为亚历山德拉女王皇家护理服务的首批成员之一。莫德·麦卡锡作为英国、殖民地和美国护理服务的总护士长前往法国，直到1918年敌对行动结束。第一次世界大战后，她成为本土军队护理服务的总护士长，并在五年后退休。她于1918年被授予大十字勋章，并获得了英国、法国、比利时和美国的奖项。她对护理事业的影响深远。作为最早认识到战争对心理影响的高级护士之一，她为自残的男性设立了单独的病房，并在英国武装部队中开创了护士麻醉师的先河。莫德·麦卡锡夫人是一位卓越的管理者，她决心为她的护士们以及她们所照顾的男性提供尽可能好的条件，这使得第一次世界大战中的护理服务达到了最高标准。
