Review of the effects of doxazosin, a new selective alpha 1-adrenergic inhibitor, on lipoproteins in patients with essential hypertension.

Control of high blood pressure has failed to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD). Hypercholesterolemia, which is common among hypertensive patients, cigarette smoking, and hypertension are the major risk factors for CHD. To minimize CHD risk, elevated blood pressure and atherogenic lipid levels should be lowered, but various antihypertensive agents appear to adversely affect lipid levels, actually precluding the CHD risk reduction expected from blood pressure control. Doxazosin, a once-daily, long-acting, alpha 1-adrenergic inhibitor, not only is effective therapy for essential hypertension but also has a favorable impact on lipids. During controlled studies of doxazosin's antihypertensive efficacy, the following blood lipid levels were measured: total cholesterol, total triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (including HDL2 and HDL3), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apoproteins (apos) AI and B. Results showed total cholesterol (-0.8 to -8.9 percent), total triglycerides (-5.0 to -17.4 percent), and LDL (-9.0 to -16.9 percent) were reduced. The positive prognostic indicators, HDL (+0.7 to +13.0 percent) and HDL:total cholesterol ratio (+3.1 to +26.3 percent), were increased. Apo B decreased, but apo AI remained unchanged. In these hypertension studies, doxazosin has favorably reduced two major CHD risk factors. As part of a new, long-term, controlled, multicenter trial, the prospective benefits of these risk factor reductions on CHD morbidity and mortality will be quantified for doxazosin and other antihypertensive agents.