Luo Zhumin, Lei Hong, Sun Yang, Liu Xia, Su Ding-Feng
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
J Physiol Biochem. 2015 Jun;71(2):329-40. doi: 10.1007/s13105-015-0389-9. Epub 2015 Feb 25.
Orosomucoid (ORM), or alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), is one of the acute-phase proteins. It has a molecular weight of 37-54 kDa, low pI of 2.8-3.8, and is heavily glycosylated (45 %). It is mainly synthesized by the liver, but many extrahepatic tissues have also been reported to produce ORM under myriad physiological and pathological conditions. Expression of the ORM gene is mainly controlled by a combination of the major regulatory mediators, such as glucocorticoids, interleukin (IL)-1, TNF-α, and IL-6. ORM has many activities including, but not limited to, acting as an acute-phase reactant and disease marker, modulating immunity, binding and carrying drugs, maintaining the barrier function of capillary, and mediating the sphingolipid metabolism. Its related receptor has been preliminarily explored in macrophages, neutrophils, and liver parenchymal cells, involving the membrane receptor CCR5, Siglect-5, and HBB, respectively. Additional activities of ORM such as regulating metabolism are currently being explored. Because of its regulation in liver diseases, cancer, and HIV, future ORM research is warranted.
血清类黏蛋白（ORM），即α-1-酸性糖蛋白（AGP），是一种急性期蛋白。其分子量为37 - 54 kDa，低pI为2.8 - 3.8，且糖基化程度高（45%）。它主要由肝脏合成，但也有报道称许多肝外组织在多种生理和病理条件下也能产生ORM。ORM基因的表达主要受主要调节介质如糖皮质激素、白细胞介素（IL）-1、肿瘤坏死因子-α和IL-6的联合控制。ORM具有多种活性，包括但不限于作为急性期反应物和疾病标志物、调节免疫、结合和运载药物、维持毛细血管的屏障功能以及介导鞘脂代谢。其相关受体已在巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和肝实质细胞中得到初步探索，分别涉及膜受体CCR5、Siglect-5和HBB。目前正在探索ORM的其他活性，如调节代谢。由于其在肝脏疾病、癌症和艾滋病中的调节作用，未来对ORM的研究很有必要。
