Farajian Paul, Panagiotakos Demosthenes B, Risvas Grigoris, Micha Renata, Tsioufis Constantinos, Zampelas Antonis
aUnit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens bDepartment of Science of Dietetics - Nutrition, Harokopio University c1st Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece dFriedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA eDepartment of Nutrition and Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
J Hypertens. 2015 Jun;33(6):1174-81. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000536.
The objective of the present study was to investigate possible associations of dietary patterns with high blood pressure (BP) in a nationwide cross-sectional sample of 10-12 years old Greek schoolchildren.
Anthropometric measurements and information on dietary (by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire) and physical activity habits were obtained from the children. BPs was measured in a single occasion using a standard protocol. Data from 2024 normal energy reporting children were included in the analysis. Principal component analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns.
Seven dietary components (patterns) were extracted explaining 55% of the total variation in intake. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that predictors of high BP (75th percentile of SBP and/or DBP) were a pattern mainly characterized by the high consumption of cheese and red processed meat [odds ratio (OR) 1.15; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.03-1.30], being overweight (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.61-2.73) or obese (OR 3.84; 95% CI 2.44-6.06) and breakfast frequency (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90-0.99). After controlling for sodium intake levels, the dietary pattern did not remain a significant predictor of high BP, indicating the potential mediating effect of sodium in the association.
A dietary pattern that is characterized by high cheese and red processed meat consumption increases the likelihood of having high BP in children, probably through increasing dietary sodium intake. These findings could guide future interventions or public health initiatives to prevent the increasing rates of childhood elevated BP levels.
本研究的目的是在全国范围内对10至12岁的希腊学童进行横断面抽样调查，以探究饮食模式与高血压（BP）之间可能存在的关联。
从这些儿童身上获取人体测量数据以及饮食信息（通过半定量食物频率问卷）和身体活动习惯。使用标准方案在单次测量中测量血压。分析纳入了来自2024名能量报告正常儿童的数据。应用主成分分析来确定饮食模式。
提取了七种饮食成分（模式），解释了摄入量总变异的55%。多元逻辑回归分析显示，高血压（收缩压和/或舒张压第75百分位数）的预测因素是一种主要以大量食用奶酪和加工红肉为特征的模式[比值比（OR）1.15；95%置信区间（CI）1.03 - 1.30]、超重（OR 2.10；95% CI 1.61 - 2.73）或肥胖（OR 3.84；95% CI 2.44 - 6.06）以及早餐频率（OR 0.95；95% CI 0.90 - 0.99）。在控制钠摄入水平后，该饮食模式不再是高血压的显著预测因素，表明钠在这种关联中可能具有中介作用。
以大量食用奶酪和加工红肉为特征的饮食模式会增加儿童患高血压的可能性，可能是通过增加饮食中的钠摄入量。这些发现可为未来预防儿童高血压发病率上升的干预措施或公共卫生倡议提供指导。
