Bates N, Rawson-Harris P, Edwards N
Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS), Medical Toxicology and Information Services, London SE1 9RY.
J Small Anim Pract. 2015 May;56(5):298-306. doi: 10.1111/jsap.12343. Epub 2015 Feb 27.
Toxicology is a vast subject. Animals are exposed to numerous drugs, household products, plants, chemicals, pesticides and venomous animals. In addition to the individual toxicity of the various potential poisons, there is also the question of individual response and, more importantly, of species differences in toxicity. This review serves to address some of the common questions asked when dealing with animals with possible poisoning, providing evidence where available. The role of emetics, activated charcoal and lipid infusion in the management of poisoning in animals, the toxic dose of chocolate, grapes and dried fruit in dogs, the use of antidotes in paracetamol poisoning, timing of antidotal therapy in ethylene glycol toxicosis and whether lilies are toxic to dogs are discussed.
毒理学是一个广泛的学科。动物会接触到大量药物、家用产品、植物、化学品、杀虫剂和有毒动物。除了各种潜在毒物的个体毒性外,还存在个体反应问题,更重要的是毒性的物种差异问题。本综述旨在解答在处理可能中毒的动物时常见的一些问题,并在有证据的地方提供依据。文中讨论了催吐剂、活性炭和脂质输注在动物中毒治疗中的作用、巧克力、葡萄和干果对犬的中毒剂量、对乙酰氨基酚中毒时解毒剂的使用、乙二醇中毒时解毒治疗的时机以及百合是否对犬有毒等问题。