Zapatero Miguel Pablo
a Faculty of Social and Legal Sciences , Carlos III University , Madrid , Spain.
Glob Public Health. 2015;10(8):901-16. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2015.1014824. Epub 2015 Mar 4.
The so-called 'TRIPS flexibilities' restated in 2001 by the World Trade Organization's Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health offer a variety of policy avenues for promoting global price-based competition for essential medicines, and thus for improving access to affordable medicines in the developing world. In recent years, developing countries and international organisations alike have begun to explore the potentialities of global generic markets and competition generally, and also of using compulsory licensing to remedy anti-competitive practices (e.g. excessive pricing) through TRIPS-compatible antitrust enforcement. These and other 'pro-competitive' TRIPS flexibilities currently available provide the critical leverage and policy space necessary to improve access to affordable medicines in the developing world.
世界贸易组织《关于〈与贸易有关的知识产权协定〉与公共卫生的多哈宣言》于2001年重申的所谓“《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》灵活性条款”，提供了多种政策途径，以促进全球基本药物基于价格的竞争，从而改善发展中世界获取可负担药品的机会。近年来，发展中国家以及国际组织都已开始探索全球仿制药市场及一般竞争的潜力，也开始探索通过符合《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》的反垄断执法利用强制许可来纠正反竞争行为（如过高定价）。目前可用的这些及其他“促进竞争的”《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》灵活性条款，为改善发展中世界获取可负担药品的机会提供了关键的影响力和政策空间。
