Surguchev Alexei, Surguchov Andrei
Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
J Neurochem. 2015 Mar;132(6):619-21. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13045. Epub 2015 Mar 4.
This is an Editorial highlighting the article "Extracellular α-synuclein alters synaptic transmission in rain neurons by perforating the neuronal plasma membrane" by Pacheco and coauthors, in this issue of Journal of Neurochemistry. The authors demonstrate, using a variety of techniques, that alpha-synuclein possesses neurotoxicity toward brain neuronal plasma membranes exposed directly to extracellular alpha-synuclein oligomers. Extracellular oligomeric α-synuclein rapidly associates to hippocampal membranes and induces pore formation in the hippocampal cells. This increases membrane conductance and calcium influx. Oligomeric α-synuclein also induces changes in synaptic current activity in hippocampal neurons. The authors' findings support the pathogenic role of extracellular alpha-synuclein in the brain, and should provide a new strategy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies, neurodegenerative diseases with aberrant accumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein in neurons, nerve fibers or glial cells. Read the full article 'Extracellular α-synuclein alters synaptic transmission in brain neurons by perforating the neuronal plasma membrane' on page 731.
这是一篇社论，重点介绍了帕切科及其合著者在本期《神经化学杂志》上发表的文章《细胞外α-突触核蛋白通过穿透神经元质膜改变脑神经元的突触传递》。作者使用多种技术证明，α-突触核蛋白对直接暴露于细胞外α-突触核蛋白寡聚体的脑神经元质膜具有神经毒性。细胞外寡聚体α-突触核蛋白迅速与海马体膜结合，并在海马体细胞中诱导孔形成。这增加了膜电导和钙内流。寡聚体α-突触核蛋白还诱导海马神经元突触电流活动的变化。作者的研究结果支持细胞外α-突触核蛋白在大脑中的致病作用，并应为帕金森病和其他突触核蛋白病（神经元、神经纤维或神经胶质细胞中α-突触核蛋白异常聚集的神经退行性疾病）的治疗提供新策略。阅读第731页的完整文章《细胞外α-突触核蛋白通过穿透神经元质膜改变脑神经元的突触传递》。
