Yu Fulai, Wang Qiuling, Wei Shengli, Wang Dan, Fang Yuqiang, Liu Fengbo, Zhao Zhigang, Hou Junling, Wang Wenquan
Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Danzhou, China; School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Biol Pharm Bull. 2015;38(1):75-81. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00574. Epub 2014 Oct 30.
Methods to improve the bioactive component content of cultivated licorice have become the bottleneck of industrial licorice extraction for pharmaceutical use. To evaluate the effects of genotype, environment and their interaction on major bioactive components, we analyzed the five bioactive components: liquiritin (LQ), liquiritigenin (LQG), glycyrrhizin (GL), isoliquiritin (ILQ) and isoliquiritigenin (ILQG) of four diverse licorice varieties grown in four distinct environments in northern China during 2010-11. Analysis of variance showed that environmental and genotypic effects were significant (p<0.01) for all five bioactive components. Additionally, their interaction was significant (p<0.05) for GL in the 2-year study period. LQ and ILQ were mainly affected by genetic factors and have great potential for genetic improvement, whereas LQG and ILQG were mainly affected by environmental factors. GL was similarly affected by environmental and genetic factors. Biplot of the principal component analysis showed that for quality breeding, G2 (WNT-1) and G3 (JX-1) are two relatively preferable genotypes, and E2 (Chifeng) location is suitable for accumulation of the bioactive components of these two genotypes. Stepwise regression analysis showed that sunshine and rainfall are the dominant environmental factors for licorice bioactive component accumulation; increased duration of sunshine is advantageous to GL accumulation whereas declining rainfall is conducive to LQG and ILQG accumulation. These results provide a theoretical basis for initiating licorice breeding programs with increased bioactive components and improved quality.
提高栽培甘草生物活性成分含量的方法已成为甘草药用工业提取的瓶颈。为了评估基因型、环境及其相互作用对主要生物活性成分的影响，我们分析了2010 - 2011年在中国北方四个不同环境中种植的四个不同甘草品种的五种生物活性成分：甘草苷（LQ）、甘草素（LQG）、甘草酸（GL）、异甘草苷（ILQ）和异甘草素（ILQG）。方差分析表明，所有五种生物活性成分的环境和基因型效应均显著（p<0.01）。此外，在为期两年的研究期内，它们对GL的相互作用显著（p<0.05）。LQ和ILQ主要受遗传因素影响，具有很大的遗传改良潜力，而LQG和ILQG主要受环境因素影响。GL受环境和遗传因素的影响类似。主成分分析双标图表明，对于品质育种，G2（WNT - 1）和G3（JX - 1）是两个相对较好的基因型，E2（赤峰）地点适合这两个基因型生物活性成分的积累。逐步回归分析表明，日照和降雨是甘草生物活性成分积累的主要环境因素；日照时间增加有利于GL积累，而降雨量下降有利于LQG和ILQG积累。这些结果为启动具有更高生物活性成分和更好品质的甘草育种计划提供了理论依据。
