Kamat Pradip Kumar, Kalani Anuradha, Tyagi Neetu
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Methods Enzymol. 2015;555:207-29. doi: 10.1016/bs.mie.2014.11.025. Epub 2015 Jan 13.
Synapses are the functional connection between neurons which are necessary for the transfer of electric activity or chemical activity from one cell to another. Synapses are formed by the pre- and postsynaptic membrane which communicates between pre- and postneurons while a neurochemical modulator is operated in this process. H2S has been known as a toxic gas with rotten eggs smell. However, increasing number of researches show that it regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes in mammals. Hence, H2S is a physiologically important molecule and has been referred to as the third gaseous molecule alongside carbon monoxide and nitric oxide. The previous era has made an exponential development in the physiological and pathological significance of H2S. Specifically, in the central nervous system, H2S facilitates long-term potentiation and regulates intracellular calcium concentration in brain cells. We as well as others have also shown that H2S has antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties against various neurodegenerative disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia. In this chapter, we highlight the current knowledge of H2S and its neuroprotective effects with a special emphasis on synaptic remodeling.
突触是神经元之间的功能性连接，对于电活动或化学活动从一个细胞传递到另一个细胞是必需的。突触由在突触前神经元和突触后神经元之间进行通信的突触前膜和突触后膜形成，在此过程中有一种神经化学调节剂发挥作用。硫化氢一直被认为是一种带有臭鸡蛋气味的有毒气体。然而，越来越多的研究表明它能调节哺乳动物的多种生理和病理过程。因此，硫化氢是一种具有重要生理意义的分子，并且已被称为继一氧化碳和一氧化氮之后的第三种气体分子。过去的时代在硫化氢的生理和病理意义方面取得了指数级的发展。具体而言，在中枢神经系统中，硫化氢促进长时程增强并调节脑细胞内的钙浓度。我们以及其他研究人员还表明，硫化氢对各种神经退行性疾病如中风、阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆具有抗氧化、抗凋亡和抗炎特性。在本章中，我们重点介绍了目前关于硫化氢及其神经保护作用的知识，特别强调了突触重塑。
