DeLoss Denton J, Watanabe Takeo, Andersen George J
University of California, Riverside.
Brown University.
Psychol Sci. 2015 Apr;26(4):456-66. doi: 10.1177/0956797614567510. Epub 2015 Mar 6.
A major problem for the rapidly growing population of older adults (age 65 and over) is age-related declines in vision, which have been associated with increased risk of falls and vehicle crashes. Research suggests that this increased risk is associated with declines in contrast sensitivity and visual acuity. We examined whether a perceptual-learning task could be used to improve age-related declines in contrast sensitivity. Older and younger adults were trained over 7 days using a forced-choice orientation-discrimination task with stimuli that varied in contrast with multiple levels of additive noise. Older adults performed as well after training as did college-age younger adults prior to training. Improvements transferred to performance for an untrained stimulus orientation and were not associated with changes in retinal illuminance. Improvements in far acuity in younger adults and in near acuity in older adults were also found. These findings indicate that behavioral interventions can greatly improve visual performance for older adults.
对于快速增长的老年人群体（65岁及以上）而言，一个主要问题是与年龄相关的视力下降，这与跌倒和车辆碰撞风险增加有关。研究表明，这种风险增加与对比敏感度和视敏度下降有关。我们研究了一种知觉学习任务是否可用于改善与年龄相关的对比敏感度下降。使用具有不同对比度和多个加性噪声水平的刺激的强制选择方向辨别任务，对老年人和年轻人进行了为期7天的训练。训练后，老年人的表现与训练前的大学生年龄的年轻人一样好。改善效果转移到了未训练的刺激方向的表现上，并且与视网膜照度的变化无关。还发现年轻人的远视力和老年人的近视力有所改善。这些发现表明，行为干预可以极大地改善老年人的视觉表现。
